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WANG Lu, ZU Yutong, HU Yuanbiao
2026,53(3):1-9, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.001
Abstract:
Curved pipe jacking requires the pipeline to advance with high accuracy along a three-dimensional designed alignment， and trajectory control is critical to both breakthrough quality and construction safety. Traditional guidance systems for pipe jacking are designed primarily for near-straight drives， and therefore cannot adequately meet the attitude and heading control requirements of complex three-dimensional curved drives. Gyroscope-based guidance is a promising approach to this problem， but the dynamic accuracy can degrade in complex construction environments and its long-term stability is difficult to maintain. Targeting the needs of dynamic three-dimensional trajectory measurement for space-curved pipe jacking， this paper reviews commonly used guidance and measurement techniques including manual visual sighting， laser-target methods， prism-based optical tracking， total-station surveying， and gyro-based guidance， while clarifing their applicability and limitations. Among these， gyro-based guidance is the preferred solution for long-distance curved drives. Therefore， this paper identifies the major issues encountered in engineering practice and proposes corresponding remedies and avenues for improvement. This work aims to inform further research and application of dynamic 3D trajectory measurement technologies for space-curved pipe jacking.
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LI Zhenxiang, CAI Jiapin, SHEN Lina, WU Haixia, LI Chun, MENG Fan
2026,53(3):10-23, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.002
Abstract:
Drilling on extraterrestrial bodies is a core means to obtain extraterrestrial scientific data. As a key component， the coring drill bit faces numerous technical challenges constrained by extreme extraterrestrial environments and complex stratigraphic conditions. Based on a literature review of extraterrestrial coring drill bits， this paper investigates the coring bits applied in drilling missions for typical celestial bodies， including the Moon， Mars， asteroids， and comets. By analyzing the impacts of extreme environmental characteristics such as gravity and temperature， as well as stratigraphic and geological conditions， on the reliability and drilling efficiency of coring bits， the study systematically reviews the technical research progress and engineering application issues of various extraterrestrial coring bits. The results indicate that existing cemented carbide drill bits perform effectively in shallow lunar sampling but struggle to cope with lunar soil and granule layers and deep lunar rocks. Superhard material drill bits exhibit excellent performance in ground-based simulation experiments but have not yet been practically applied in lunar exploration missions. While hard rock coring has been realized in Mars drilling， the coring depth remains limited； furthermore， the practical application effects of coring drill bits in drilling on asteroids and comets lack sufficient data support. Future research should focus on technological breakthroughs in key areas such as superhard and wear-resistant gradient composite materials and efficient drilling structures adaptable to complex formations. The research results provide theoretical references and engineering guidance for the development and application of extraterrestrial coring drill bits， supporting the implementation of deep space resource exploitation and utilization and extraterrestrial life trace detection missions.
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LIU Zhengtao, SONG Gang, WANG Yu, LIANG Jian, NIU Qinglei, ZHANG Xin, CHEN Xiaojun, ZHAO Ming, HAN Junzhong
2026,53(3):24-33, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.003
Abstract:
With increasing demand for deep drilling， existing steel drill pipes， titanium alloy drill pipes， and carbon fiber drill pipes cannot fully satisfy the demands for lightweight， high-temperature resistance， low cost， and high reliability. Aluminum alloy drill pipes have shown great potential due to their advantages such as low density， high specific strength， and relatively low cost. This paper systematically elaborates on failure mechanisms of aluminum alloy drill pipes under high-temperature， high-pressure， and complex load environments in deep wells， including the evolution of material microstructure， thermal stress mismatch of the connection structure， and the wear-corrosion synergistic effect on the surface. The research progress of key technologies is summarized： in terms of materials， high-temperature performance and strength are improved through the addition of rare earth elements， particle reinforcement， and optimization of strengthening phases； in terms of structure， cold assembly， double-taper thread design， and other methods are adopted to reduce stress concentration； in terms of surface strengthening， micro-arc oxidation （MAO） is taken as the core， combined with laser cladding and composite treatment technologies to enhance wear and corrosion resistance. Furthermore， bottlenecks such as high-temperature strength degradation and insufficient connection reliability are analyzed， and future research directions including the development of new materials， intelligent management， and biomimetic smart coatings are outlined. This study aims to provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the engineering application and future development of aluminum alloy drill pipes in ultra-deep drilling.
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QI Renze, YAN Hai, REN Lei, ZHANG Shuai, SHI Yiwei, BU Changgen
2026,53(3):34-43, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.004
Abstract:
Rotary-percussive drilling with PDC bits is an effective method for improving the rate of penetration （ROP） in hard formations. However， most existing experimental devices for PDC bit impact rotary drilling lack convenient control over parameters such as impact load amplitude and frequency. To investigate the variation laws of ROP for both unworn and worn PDC bits under different static and dynamic load parameters， PDC bits with varying degrees of wear were designed and manufactured. Drilling experiments with controllable dynamic load parameters were conducted using a modified servo feed micro-drilling test rig， focusing on analyzing the effects of static load， dynamic load mode， as well as dynamic load amplitude， proportion， and frequency on bit ROP. The results indicate that： under static load drilling， the wear of bit cutters significantly reduces drilling efficiency； compared with static load drilling， the average ROP of unworn and worn PDC bits increases by 21.5% and 35.2%， respectively， under dynamic load drilling. The dynamic load proportion and frequency have a significant influence on ROP. With the maximum total axial load kept constant， the ROP of both unworn and worn PDC bits shows a decreasing trend as the dynamic load amplitude increases. Within the experimental parameter range， both types of bits achieved optimal ROP at a dynamic load frequency of 10 Hz. The research results elucidate the operational behavior of PDC bits under dynamic loading conditions， thereby offering an experimental foundation for optimizing drilling parameters and selecting appropriate bits for percussive-rotary drilling in deep hard formations.
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LEI Shiping, WANG Wenbin, MENG Aiwu, HONG Junzhan, LIU Yunlin, SHAN Wenjun
2026,53(3):44-50, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.005
Abstract:
To address the challenge of wellbore instability in drilling deep shale formations and overcome the shortcomings of conventional shale inhibitors， such as insufficient temperature resistance and limited anti-swelling efficiency， a highly efficient polyhydroxy shale inhibitor was synthesized under mild conditions using triethanolamine and 1，2-dibromoethane as raw materials. Its performance was systematically evaluated through tests including anti-swelling rate， temperature resistance， core linear expansion， and hot-rolling recovery. The structure and action mechanism were characterized using Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy， scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicate that the inhibitor achieves a synthesis yield of 98.7%， exhibits good water solubility， and features a mild synthesis process， demonstrating great potential for industrialization. A 23% aqueous solution of the inhibitor exhibits an anti-swelling rate of 96.7% at room temperature and maintains 92.3% after aging at 140 ℃. Furthermore， the hot-rolling recovery of shale cores reaches 92.5% at 140 ℃， with a significantly reduced linear expansion. All indicators are markedly superior to those of conventional inhibitors. Mechanism analysis reveals that the multiple hydroxyl groups in the molecule form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups on shale mineral surfaces， while the protonated amino groups generate electrostatic adsorption. Together， they form a dense adsorption film on the shale surface， blocking the invasion of drilling fluid filtrate. Simultaneously， the hydroxyl groups in the molecule undergo condensation reactions with the silanol groups on the shale surface to form chemical bonds， further enhancing the compactness and stability of the adsorption film. These synergistic effects endow the inhibitor with strong adsorption and long-lasting film-forming capabilities on the shale surface. This study provides a novel technical approach for the development of inhibitors used in drilling deep and complex shale formations， showing promising application prospects.
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2026,53(3):51-58, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.006
Abstract:
To address the insufficient understanding of casing magnetic field distribution characteristics in passive magnetic ranging （PMR） technology， this study investigates the spatial magnetic field distribution laws around casings. A testing system consisting of an FVM-400 three-axis fluxgate magnetometer and non-magnetic supports was established. Based on magnetization theory analysis， axial and radial magnetic field tests were conducted on typical 133/8 and 95/8 inches casings under single and combined conditions using the control variable method. The results indicate that the axial magnetic field of the casing exhibits sinusoidal-like fluctuation characteristics， with the peak and valley values of the magnetic field gradient concentrated in the collar and end regions. The radial magnetic field intensity decays exponentially with distance. Under the experimental conditions， the magnetic field approaches the geomagnetic field reference value at distances greater than 2 m axially from the end face and 8 m radially from the axis. The magnetic field morphology of combined casings is significantly influenced by the magnetic pole combination at the collar： same-direction combinations form a single strong peak at the collar， while reverse combinations exhibit "double-peak and double-valley" characteristics， with the former showing greater magnetic field intensity and influence range. Additionally， casings of the same specification exhibit individual differences in remanent magnetism. This study reveals the influence mechanisms of casing size， remanent magnetism， and magnetic pole combination on the spatial distribution of the magnetic field， providing an experimental basis and fundamental data support for refining PMR theoretical models and enhancing magnetic field signal analysis capabilities under strong interference backgrounds.
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LI Fenglin, LUO Xianliang, WU Jinsheng, YI Cong
2026,53(3):59-66, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.007
Abstract:
In order to solve the problems such as the great difficulty of cross-river tunnel investigation in alpine-gorge areas， the asynchronous high-angle precise orientation and wire-line coring， and the low drilling efficiency in hard strata， the synchronous technology of directional deflecting and wire-line coring drilling， the real-time trajectory control technology for high-angle directional holes， high-strength wire-line coring drill rods， and iron-based pre-alloy layered core bits were developed. Combined with the kilometer-level wire-line coring directional drilling equipment， a set of high-angle directional core drilling technology was explored and formed. The research results were applied to the investigation of the diversion tunnel of a major hydropower project in the western region. An ultra-deep L-shaped directional borehole was arranged on the left side of the river valley， and the following achievements were obtained： The construction task of a 1004 m curved directional core drilling deep borehole was completed with high quality and efficiency. The average monthly efficiency of the drilling rig was 197.64 m， the average core recovery rate of the whole hole was 94.35%， and the average mechanical drilling rate of core drilling was 1.46 m/h. The trajectory was well controlled. The top angle of the borehole trajectory increased from 25° to 78°， meeting the design requirements. The developed iron-based pre-alloy layered bit had obvious advantages， with a faster drilling rate and a longer service life. The faults and unfavorable geological bodies at the bottom and on both sides of the river valley were identified and exposed， achieving the geological objectives and obtaining good application results.
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SHI Shanshan, WU Dan, WU Zhanbin, SUN Jian, YU Jun, LI Xiaoyang, ZHANG Yongqin, WANG Wen
2026,53(3):67-72, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.008
Abstract:
To address the limitations of existing shallow sampling techniques， such as limited sampling depth， low sample recovery rate， high operational costs， restricted accessibility due to heavy equipment， and the inability to simultaneously collect undisturbed soil and fluid samples， a shallow multiphase in-situ sampler was developed with the design objectives of "low disturbance， high efficiency， and multiphase synchronization." This sampler employs a combined process of "dual-tube drilling for soil sampling and vacuum suction for fluid sampling." Through structural optimization and functional integration of key components， including the sampling bit， soil inner tube， fluid sampler， and sealing airbag， the device achieves synchronous and efficient collection of shallow undisturbed soil samples and in-situ water （gas） samples. Additionally， the extraction resistance of the casing was analyzed， and a corresponding lightweight casing lifting tool was developed. Field test results indicate that the sampler achieved an average soil sample recovery rate of 75% within a depth of 5 m， successfully performed simultaneous collection of in-situ water （gas） samples， and ensured no sample cross-contamination or leakage. Featuring a lightweight structure， simple operation， and low cost， the sampler is suitable for shallow sampling operations in confined spaces or areas inaccessible to heavy equipment， providing a reliable technical means for collaborative sampling of shallow multiphase media.
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DU Yaosen, YANG Yiyong, WU Xiaolong, GAO Pengju, MA Hanchen, TANG Xiaoren, HUANG Mengfu, WANG Yao, FAN Longfei, ZHAO Guangshuai
2026,53(3):73-79, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.009
Abstract:
To address the problems of low efficiency， high error rate in manual entry， and incomplete digital transformation in the collection of raw data from drilling engineering， this study designs and develops an efficient recognition and collection system for drilling raw data based on modern Web technologies and multimodal large models. The system adopts a front-end and back-end separation architecture， integrates mainstream technology stacks such as Vue 3.0 and Spring Cloud Alibaba， and innovatively introduces the Qwen-VL-max vision-language multimodal large model. It constructs a full-process automated processing system of "mobile terminal collection-cloud-based intelligent recognition-structured storage"， realizing accurate recognition and structured parsing of paper report images. Verified through multi-scenario practical tests， the system performs excellently in terms of field recognition accuracy， adaptability to complex tables， and system robustness， significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of drilling data entry and effectively solving the drawbacks of traditional collection methods. The research results provide key technical support for the digital management， sharing and reuse， and in-depth mining of drilling engineering data， and have important engineering value and application prospects for promoting the digital transformation of the drilling industry and building an intelligent drilling big data platform.
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ZOU Zhifei, XIONG Zhengqiang, FU Fan, LI Xiaodong, LI Yanning, PENG Boyi
2026,53(3):80-86, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.010
Abstract:
To address the issues of low core recovery in fractured formations during core drilling and the limited effectiveness of conventional borehole wall protection technologies， this paper proposes a technical approach of "advanced borehole wall protection" and develops a high-temperature resistant advanced borehole wall protection bentonite gel liquid. Through material screening and orthogonal experiment optimization， the optimal formula was determined as 2% Hebei drilling-grade bentonite， 8% sepiolite， and 20% Portland cement. Laboratory performance tests indicate that the gel liquid has an apparent viscosity of 87.5 mPa·s at room temperature and its apparent viscosity exceeds 150 mPa·s after aging at 150 ℃ for 16 h. The total filtration time is only 68 s. The compressive strength of the formed filter cake reaches 2.4 MPa after drying at 150 ℃ for 48 h. Furthermore， the gel liquid exhibits good permeability and cementation capabilities in high-temperature and high-pressure sand bed simulation experiments. This gel liquid can be injected in advance without completely consolidating the formation， thereby enhancing the formation''s overall integrity. It provides a new solution for improving core recovery and drilling efficiency in fractured formations and holds promising engineering application prospects.
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WANG Xijiang, FENG Yongchao, WANG Chao
2026,53(3):87-94, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.011
Abstract:
To address the challenges of high solid content and difficult rheological control in high-density drilling fluids for deep and ultra-deep well drilling， this study systematically investigates the fundamental properties of various weighting materials. The effects of density， particle size， and particle size distribution （PSD） on drilling fluid rheology were analyzed. Based on the dense packing theory， the particle size distribution of weighting agents was designed and validated through laboratory experiments. The results indicate that higher material density leads to a lower solid volume fraction required to achieve the target fluid density， thereby yielding better rheological properties. Smaller particle sizes and larger specific surface areas result in more significant viscosity effects， with fine particles smaller than 20 μm in barite powder causing a substantial increase in apparent viscosity. A drilling fluid with a density of 2.3 g/cm3， formulated using barite with an optimized PSD， exhibited a 19% reduction in plastic viscosity compared to the non-optimized sample， along with an increased yield point and significantly improved rheological properties. This study provides a physical control method based on particle size distribution optimization for high-density drilling fluids， demonstrating strong engineering application value.
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XIE Zhongcheng, LIU Weiji, HU Hai
2026,53(3):95-105, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.012
Abstract:
The H3 Formation of the HG Group in the ZZ Block， East China Sea， is characterized by the development of thick， highly abrasive sandstone sequences. This challenging geological condition leads to a low rate of penetration （ROP）， short footage per bit， extended drilling cycles， and consequently high operational costs. To improve drilling efficiency and shorten the drilling cycle， this study conducted systematic field trials based on a comprehensive analysis of formation characteristics and historical bit performance records， investigating the impact of bit size， cutter layout parameters， crown profile selection， and PDC cutter type on drilling performance. The results indicate that within the H3 Formation， ?215.9 mm bits demonstrate significantly superior performance in both ROP and efficiency compared to ?311.15 mm bits. PDC bits with a deep inner cone crown profile exhibit stronger aggressiveness and achieve a higher ROP. Furthermore， axe-shaped cutters experience significantly less wear compared to conventional flat-faced cutters， effectively increasing footage per bit. Additionally， rotating cutters substantially improve cutting edge utilization and heat dissipation， enabling a breakthrough of 1250 m in a single run. These findings provide an effective technical solution for enhancing drilling efficiency in the highly abrasive formations of this block， offer vital technical support for oil and gas exploration and development in similar offshore formations， and hold significant importance for safeguarding national energy security.
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GAO Bo, ZHANG Jiajia, YANG Dongxu, ZHAO Yuangang
2026,53(3):106-115, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.013
Abstract:
The area of Nanjian County， Yunnan Province， is a typical area of soft rock and semi-lithologic， and debris flow disasters are developed behind the county town. Based on field investigations and combined with multi-source and multi-period remote sensing interpretation and topographic mapping， the material source characteristics and activity characteristics of debris flows in the soft rock-semi-lithologic area were summarized， and the debris flow formation mechanism were analyzed. The results show that there are sources of debris in the Dajing River Basin： slope surface erosion source， collapse and landslide source， and channel accumulation source. Among them， the erosion source on the slope surface is in a wide range and has become the most important source type in this river basin. The mudstone in the northern gully develops over a wider range， while the semi-rock in the southern gully is more developed. The different resistance to weathering and erosion result in more developed material sources in the northern gully. Due to the lithological combination and strength differences of soft rocks and semi-rocks in the north and south gullies， there is a significant spatial differentiation of material sources. The middle reaches of the main gully have become the most effective material source recharge area， characterized by many points and wide distribution. In the historical record， seven debris flow disasters have occurred in this gully， and short-duration concentrated rainfall is the main factor triggering debris flow activities. The Dajing River debris flow is a typical rainstorm gully-type hydraulic debris flow disaster， and the possibility of debris flow occurrence still exists under extreme rainfall conditions. The gully mouth is the core area of the county town， so the hazard and risk of debris flow remain prominent.
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LI Jinyang, YI Jingsong, ZHANG Yong, YIN Guolong
2026,53(3):116-122, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.014
Abstract:
This article takes Jinyang County in Sichuan Province as the research area and explores the application of the infinite slope model in the assessment of geological hazard risk in the county， in response to the demand for regional geological hazard risk assessment. This study used slope units as evaluation units， and based on high-precision terrain data and geological survey data， applies a simplified infiltration model to calculate rainfall infiltration depth and complete model parameter input. With the help of the ARCGIS platform， a county-level geological hazard zoning and evaluation based on the infinite slope model was achieved， and the evaluation results were compared and verified with historical disaster data and INSAR interpretation data. The results indicate that this method is suitable for fine assessment of geological hazard risk at the county level， with reliable evaluation results and strong operability， and can provide scientific basis for regional risk prevention and land planning.
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RAN Fei, TIAN Penghui, SONG Jiwei, FANG Qing, ZHAN Shuming
2026,53(3):123-130, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.015
Abstract:
In accordance with the work arrangements for the fine mining of rich minerals and the new round of strategic mineral exploration in Guizhou Province， in order to thoroughly implement the concept of green exploration and at the same time solve the problem that construction is prohibited in the first-level water source protection area， the drilling scheme of "1 straight hole +1 branch" is adopted for drilling. Based on the target area information， formation conditions of the main hole， screw skewing theory and equipment， the lateral drilling branch and coring process were determined. The lateral drilling branch was successfully drilled at a vertical depth of 426 m in the autonomous hole and hit the target with a target accuracy of 8.01 m. Through this directional drilling practice， the incline capacity for different drill bits and screw drills with different specifications of curved outer tubes was explored， and the incline strength control parameters suitable for rope coring drilling were found， providing technical support for the matching of similar green exploration and precision exploration technologies.
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MA Yinghui, JIA Hongfu, MA Zhiqiang, ZHAO Dan
2026,53(3):131-140, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.016
Abstract:
To solve the problems of difficult drilling， low efficiency and frequent downhole accidents in water-sensitive strata of gold mines， this study takes the Dongbeizhai Gold Mine in Songpan County as a case study， conducting strata analysis and experimental research on the application of film-forming drilling fluid . Starting from rock composition， structure， and mineral composition， the root cause of water sensitivity is analyzed， revealing the mechanisms of clay mineral swelling， hydration dispersion， and microstructural changes. Focusing on the formulation of the film-forming drilling fluid ， laboratory and field tests were carried out to study multiple comparative experimental formulations. The effects of different additives and the comprehensive performance of various combinations were analyzed， verifying the superior properties of the film-forming drilling fluid . Reasonable combinations synergistically leverage the advantages of each material， with stable rheology， excellent inhibition， and appropriate fluid loss control， meeting the demands of complex drilling conditions and achieving the desired drilling outcomes. This research provides theoretical support and technical solutions of drilling fluid for drilling in water-sensitive gold mine strata， contributing to improved drilling efficiency in similar mining areas.
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HE Yuyun, LI Yuan, XIE Feng, XUE Shanjiang
2026,53(3):141-149, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.017
Abstract:
In the initial stage of drilling construction for the coal resource exploration project in the Shenjing Exploration Area of Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, due to complex formation conditions including loose and fractured rocks and formation loss, it was difficult to stabilize the borehole walls. This resulted in substandard core recovery rates, low construction efficiency, and high costs, with the monthly rig efficiency only reaching 353 meters per month.By analyzing the geotechnical engineering geological characteristics and physical and mechanical properties of rocks in the exploration area, the drilling construction technology and drilling parameters were adjusted, and the drilling fluid formula was optimized. The low-solid-phase polymer film-forming wall-protecting drilling fluid system developed by the Beijing Institute of Prospecting Engineering was adopted, which improved the performance of drilling fluid in protecting borehole walls and cores. The filtration loss of drilling fluid decreased from 25ml/30min to 9ml/30min, a reduction of 64%. The average core recovery rate increased from 53% to 84.41%, an increase of 31.41%, and the average monthly rig efficiency rose from 353m/month to 757.87m/month, an increase of 115%.The subsequent construction of 9 boreholes proceeded smoothly, with a total drilling footage of 4774.6 meters completed, providing a reference for drilling construction in similar areas.
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YIN Miao, WANG Leihao, SHI Xun, GUO Bowen, JIN Qiping
2026,53(3):150-157, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.018
Abstract:
To accurately assess the effectiveness of water hazard control in mine area， addressing the limitations of traditional vertical coring methods-such as limited coverage， high costs， prolonged drilling cycles， and sparse formation data， an innovative approach was adopted. This involved using long-distance coring in horizontal directional holes to perform coring operations in previously treated working faces. After analyzing the formation conditions and comparing SR， Sichuan series， and QXT-RBX series coring tools， during the drilling of inspection holes 4-18A and 4-25， the SQ-MWD directional equipment paired with a drilling tool assembly of ?152.4 mm coring bit + Sichuan-6-3 coring barrel + ?89 mm heavy-weight drill pipe + ?89 mm drill pipe + ?121 mm drill collar + top drive setup were selected to real-time control drilling parameters and perform coring. A total of 10 coring operations were conducted in the two verification holes， covering an exploration area of 0.48 km2. This method not only reduced costs but also significantly improved the drilling success rate， achieving a coring recovery rate of over 80%， with some sections reaching 100%. The cores were intact with excellent columnar integrity， effectively reflecting the water hazard control results and providing more accurate geological data for subsequent development.
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2026,53(3):158-159, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.019
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2026,53(3):160-161, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.020
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2026,53(3):162-163, DOI: 10.12143/j.ztgc.2026.03.021
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