Abstract:Given the critical importance of water cycle variations in extreme ecological environments such as high-altitude and arid regions to national ecological security， there is a pressing need to research on monitoring devices and technologies for key parameters of water cycle. This paper focuses on technical challenges associated with field in-situ/mobile/non-contact， automatic and stable monitoring of key parameters encompassing water cycle. A series of studies have been conducted to explore new technological devices for monitoring these key parameters of soil， air， ice， and snow in ecological systems. By establishing an integrated monitoring system for ecosystems based on the Internet of Things （IoT）， the industry technological barriers are hope to be broken through， and the interdisciplinary collaboration across fields including engineering， geology， and computer science can be fostered. Through collaborative efforts in researching and innovating key parameter monitoring technologies for the water cycle in extreme ecological environments， extensive， all-weather and three-dimensional monitoring of critical ecological functional areas will be achieved. This endeavor will hold significant importance in advancing China’s ecological civilization construction and promoting the comprehensive application and development of ecological monitoring technologies in the country.

Abstract:The development and utilization of geothermal resources can play a positive role in reducing CO2 emissions and restraining global climate change. Underground heat transfer of shallow geothermal energy mainly includes the groundwater well system and the underground buried pipe system. Their common advantages are high energy utilization coefficient， safety and stability， zero pollution discharge， etc.； however it has advantages and disadvantages in heat exchange efficiency， development and utilization conditions， space occupation and so on. This paper describes the suitability evaluation index of the shallow geothermal energy underground heat exchange system； and in the execution of the shallow geothermal energy demonstration project in Zhengzhou， field tests such as pumping and reinjection test， geotechnical thermophysical parameter test and formation thermal response test were carried out respectively， and the suitability of two heat exchange modes of shallow geothermal energy is analyzed and compared， It is concluded that the rock and soil in the construction area has high thermal conductivity and volume specific heat capacity， which is conducive to heat conduction and maintenance； but the buried depth of the regional water level is shallow， the reinjection capacity is only 107.37m3/d， and is poor. Through comparison， the underground buried pipe heat exchange system which is more suitable for the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy in the construction area has been finally optimized and selected for development.

Abstract:The exploration of soil and groundwater in contaminated sites needs to meet the requirements of sampling and well construction at the same time. The hollow auger split-tube can provide some self-driving， which can drill groundwater monitoring wells while obtaining low-disturbance soil samples. This paper analyzes the technical characteristics of the hollow auger， and ，puts forward the direct push sampling and well construction technology with the hollow auger split tube based on the direct push environmental sampling equipment. Field tests were carried out in the quaternary sandy soil stratum with the relative density of sandy soil of 0.46~0.83（12~16m）， and the test results show that the hollow auger split-tube method can effectively solve the problem with the traditional direct-push sampling method by which it is difficult to reach the predetermined depth in the firm soil area； meanwhile the core recovery was higher than 90%. The technology is a kind of environmental sampling technology worthy of promotion.

Abstract:Mining water discharge and groundwater protection is at issue due to the limited water storage space in the goaf collapse zone due to the relatively soft overlying rock with high contents of clay in the south mining area of Mindong No.1 Mine. With analysis of the groundwater leakage causes， it was concluded that the overlying rock fractures produced by coal mining was the main source of groundwater leakage； meanwhile， the water channeling cracks in the overlying rock can be effectively blocked with artificial grouting via boreholes to block the groundwater discharge channel and curtain grouting reinforcement technology to seal off water channeling cracks in the roadway. Field application has proven that curtain grouting with in-hole screen pipes in the soft surrounding rock of the roadway to fully fill and reinforce the cracks in the soft surrounding rock is an important way to achieve “zero discharge” and groundwater protection of mining water in the mine through proper selection of the location of the grouting holes， spacing， grouting material and slurry ratio， borehole structure and drilling parameters according to the engineering geological conditions of the mining area.

Abstract:In order to understand the environmental pollution of groundwater around the landfill site， the soil， groundwater and downstream reservoir water quality around the solid waste disposal site in Changsha City were taken as the research objects. The single factor pollution index method and Nemerow pollution comprehensive index method were used to analyze the heavy metal content characteristics and risk assessment of the surrounding environment of the landfill site. The results showed that as， Cr（Ⅵ）， Ni， Pb， Zn and Cu were the main pollutants in the surrounding environment of the landfill site. The average content of heavy metals in the regional sampling points and the downstream reservoirs was lower than that in the groundwater quality standard class Ⅲ， and the pollution status of the landfill site was good. The content of Cr （Ⅵ） in ZK1 and R1 samples was higher than that in the groundwater quality standard class Ⅲ， which was the main risk pollutant of groundwater around the landfill site in ZK1~ZK4， Pb and Cr（Ⅵ） are the main heavy metal elements in the soil， which are moderately polluted and should be paid attention to.

Abstract:Groundwater circulating well technology （GCW） is an in-situ remediation technology that repairs groundwater by creating a three-dimensional circulation for groundwater. This paper describes the development of the technology at home and abroad. It introduces the characteristics， advantages and applicable conditions of UVB， NOVOCs? and DDC as well as their field applications. In view of the problems with groundwater circulation well technology such as limited repair range， long repair time， strict site requirements， unbalanced pumping and injection， it is proposed to improve the technology in terms of large-scale hydraulic control， in-situ biological repair， multi-phase synchronized repair， and integrated intelligent equipment， etc.

Abstract:The sealing technology for confined-artesian monitoring wells is developed for urgent problems in drilling of groundwater monitoring wells， such as sealing， monitoring， sampling and well development. With the technology， a stainless steel sealing cover plate with multiple functional components is installed at the wellhead of the monitoring well to meet the requirements of the artesian monitoring well. This paper introduces the sealing technology principle， system composition， installation process and sealing method for the confined-artesian monitoring well. The field demonstration shows that the technology can effectively solve a series of problems， such as wellhead sealing， water sampling， well development， maintenance of probes； provide the advantages of good sealing effect， zero water pollution， convenient operation and low cost， and realize long-term automatic collection and transmission of groundwater data from artesian monitoring wells with different characteristics. It can provide a approach for the sealing work of similar wells.

Abstract:Based on the 1∶50000 scale hydrogeological survey carried out in the bedrock area of the low mountains and hills in the central and southern part of Shandong province， the hydrogeological characteristics are analyzed by means of hydrogeological survey， hydrogeological drilling， geophysical exploration， pumping test， water quality analysis and other technical methods. The results show that the groundwater types in the area can be divided into four types： loose rock pore water， clastic rock pore fissure water， carbonate rock fissure karst water and bedrock fissure water. The groundwater recharge， runoff， discharge conditions and their evolution as well as environmental hydrogeology are also analyzed. Three quaternary pore water rich zones with the capacity of centralized water supply are delineated， and two types of bedrock water storage structures：the stratigraphic water-retaining structure and the fault water-storage structure， are summarized. Groundwater quality is dominated with Class Ⅲ， Ⅳ and Ⅴ， and the components higher than the Class Ⅲ standard include mainly nitrate， total hardness， iron， followed by fluoride， etc. With the water prospecting model developed for the area， a total of 10 hydrogeological boreholes with water supply capacity were constructed， with a total water yield of 7017.84m3/d， which can meet portable water supply for nearly 100，000 people and irrigation for more than 5900 mu farmland. The results can be used as guide for exploring new target aquifers for water supply and to locating water wells.

Abstract:With the continuous progress in the development of coal-based minerals and the initiative of “carbon peak and carbon neutralization” raised by China， it is inevitable to enforce the implementation of green exploration technology. Based on the concept of green exploration and combined with the drilling process of coal bed methane， this paper focuses on the drilling technology for protection of the surrounding environment and the coalbeds. By analyzing the characteristics of the groundwater pollution， the main components of the pollutants and the main pollution pathway which are caused by drilling operations， pollution prevention and treatment measures and technologies are proposed. Two drilling technologies are recommended for the development of CBM as they can improve the drilling efficiency， and reduce the total amount of pollution and the pollution time during drilling. The paper also discusses green drilling equipment， drilling fluid technology and waste recycling technology.

Abstract:In order to further find out the extent and severity of the impact of a large abandoned industrial and mining site to the soil and water environment, detailed quality investigation of the soil and water environment at the site (including the affected area) was carried out to find out the pollution status of soil and groundwater in the “starting area” with risk assessment, as well as preliminary solutions and suggestions for land use. A total of 386 soil and water environment sampling boreholes were designed with the drilling workload of 4180m. Undisturbed samples of soil and groundwater were required at designated locations to determine the key parameters such as stratum structure, aquifer structure, rock and soil mechanics, as well as the vertical pollution characteristics, pollution depth and groundwater environment quality of the soil at the site. In order to ensure the quality of the project, the Geoprobe series direct push drilling rig from Kejr Branch of Geoprobe Systems (Geo-Exploratin system Company) of USA was adopted. Water-free soil sampling was carried out by static pressing or hammering with or without tripping the tool, and temporary water samples were taken by static pressing or hammering, which effectively solved the problems of insufficient sampling quantity, sample disturbance and pollution caused by sand liquefaction and sand gushing from boreholes. This study introduces and analyzes the equipment, drilling tools, technological methods and applications.