Abstract:To address challenges in geological drilling engineering， such as non-standardized data acquisition， single-dimensional decision analysis， and insufficient data value utilization， this study proposes an expert decision-making system based on IoT and artificial intelligence （AI） technologies. The system integrates a multi-source data acquisition layer， a hybrid storage architecture， a real-time computing engine， and a visualization frontend， enabling real-time monitoring of drilling parameters， automated operating condition recognition， and expert feedback， with which to enhance drilling safety and operational efficiency while providing robust support for reducing downhole accident rates. Future work will focus on integrating knowledge graph and generative large language model technologies to establish a three-tier intelligent decision-making framework （“transparent downhole-smart wellsite-cloud brain”）， driving the paradigm shift from “experience-driven” to “data-intelligent” geological drilling.

Abstract:In response to the occurring characteristics and current status of exploration and production of gas hydrate， this paper presents an innovative thought with combination of the hydraulic reverse circulation drilling used in land mineral prospecting which will be used for oceanic gas hydrate survey and resource appraising. The feasibility， some technical problems and measures， economic and social efficiencies and so on of the hydraulic reverse circulation drilling are discussed. The thought would play an active role in quickly assessing the gas hydrate resource and providing the replacing resource and leading production for mankind. At the same time， the technical measures for increasing production of the gas hydrate and preventing and removing the sand are presented in the paper.

Abstract:Drilling fluid， as an important component of geological core drilling， plays a crucial role in drilling construction. With the increase of drilling depth in geological core drilling， the difficulty of construction gradually increases， and higher requirements are put forward for the performance of drilling fluid. Considering the complexity of the drilling fluid system in geological core drilling， traditional manual drilling fluid preparation， manual testing of drilling fluid performance， and landfill disposal of waste drilling fluid are gradually no longer in line with the requirements of geological drilling. This article is based on the concept of green exploration， and through research， data search， and other methods， combined with the development of relevant equipment in the oil and gas drilling industry， analyzes the research status of intelligent drilling fluid equipment that can be applied to geological core drilling， and looks forward to the development prospects of intelligence in the future geological core drilling industry， providing support for the intelligent development of drilling fluid equipment in the future.

Abstract:With the continued advancement of geological exploration and resource development into deeper and more complex formations， there has been a significant increase in the proportion of hard， dense， fractured， and collapse-prone strata， along with a rising frequency of complex wellbore construction. These trends place higher demands on drilling efficiency， borehole stability， and cost control. Against this backdrop， vibration and percussive drilling technologies， by virtue of their distinct rock-breaking mechanisms and vibration-induced drag reduction capabilities have emerged as key solutions for overcoming drilling challenges in complex formations. Percussive drilling employs high-frequency impacts to break hard rock and enhance penetration rates. Compared with conventional rotary drilling， the efficiency is significantly improved. Vibration-assisted drilling reduces friction between the drill tool and borehole wall by introducing axial or torsional vibrations， thereby improving cuttings removal and borehole stability. These techniques have attracted widespread attention in mineral exploration and energy development. This paper focuses on the research of hydraulic impactors， electric impactors， hydraulic oscillators， and sonic drill rigs from the perspectives of power system integration methods， drill tool structures， and impact energy transfer mechanisms. It systematically sorts out the research and development progress of key rate-enhancement technologies such as percussive rotary drilling and hydraulic vibration drag reduction， aiming to provide theoretical support and engineering reference for efficient drilling in complex geological environments.

Abstract:The ocean drilling Hole 504B is a milestone in deep-sea scientific drilling. After more than 40 years and nine expeditions， it has reached a cumulative drilling depth of 2111m， and for the first time， it has systematically revealed the complete sequence of the upper oceanic crust in the Costa Rica Rift of the eastern Pacific Ocean （sedimentary layer-pillow basalt-transition zone-sheeted dyke complex）. Through logging technology and the CORK in-situ monitoring device， the research has clarified the “shallow convection-deep supply” mechanism of the oceanic crust hydrothermal circulation， and discovered that there are chemolithoautotrophic microbial communities in the micro-fissures of the sheeted dyke section， with H? as the energy source. Its achievements have verified the core framework of the Penrose oceanic crust model， quantified the contribution of the hydrothermal system to the global carbon cycle （annual input of inorganic carbon accounts for 15% of the river input）， and provided key analogies for the exploration of ancient hydrothermal activities on Mars and the subsurface ocean of Europa. Despite controversies such as the structural differences of oceanic crust with different spreading rates， the 504B borehole has promoted the paradigm shift in the study of deep Earth processes through an interdisciplinary approach， and its technical experience （such as high-temperature logging and data sharing platforms） has laid the foundation for deep-sea exploration and the study of extraterrestrial life.

Abstract:Geological drilling engineering is an important technical means of geological work. In recent years， investment in geological prospecting has generally decreased， and how to achieve sustainable and high-quality development of geological drilling work has become a topic of greatest concern to drilling workers. Based on the situation of geological drilling work in Hubei Province， this paper conducts illustration and analysis， taking the 7th Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau as an example， and points out that the combination of talents and technology is the only way for the upgrading and sustainable development of geological drilling work.

Abstract:Drilling fluid wall protection technology is one of the key technologies to ensure the stability of borehole wall and anti-sloughing in drilling engineering. In drilling operations of saline soils and coarse-grained soils， there are significant challenges in traditional drilling fluid wall protection technologies. Drilling fluid is easy to be failure and instable due to the high salt content and expansiveness of saline soils， and rapid mud loss and poor support for the borehole walls due to the high permeability and low adhesiveness of coarse-grained soils. In this paper， the current status of drilling fluid wall protection technology for saline and coarse-grained soils are reviewed， the main challenges faced by these technologies are analyzed， especially the selection of drilling fluid types and the formulation， the development of new drilling fluid materials， and solutions for enhancing drilling fluid stability and wall protection performance in various soils. Moreover， the recent advances in the development of high-salt-tolerant drilling fluid， compound drilling fluid， and eco-friendly drilling fluid are also emphasized， and the future direction of the material develepment is posed， which provides a reference for the optimal application of drilling fluid wall protection technology in special soil layers.

Abstract:This paper comprehensively examines the current status and development trends of tunnel excavation technology in hydropower projects. First， it introduces the definition， functions， and significance of exploration adit in hydropower projects. Subsequently， it provides a detailed analysis of the technical characteristics， application scope， advantages， and limitations of traditional drill-and-blast methods， mechanical excavation methods， and emerging tunneling technologies. The paper also discusses the major challenges faced by current tunnel excavation techniques， including complex geological conditions， environmental protection requirements， and concerns regarding construction efficiency and safety. Finally， it outlines future development trends， such as the application of intelligent and automated technologies， as well as green and environmentally friendly techniques. This study aims to serve as a reference and guide for the further advancement of tunnel excavation technology in hydropower projects exploration.

Abstract:It is of great significance to drill across the polar ice sheet and obtain subglacial bedrock samples for revealing the geological environment beneath ice sheet. The upper part of the polar ice sheet is generally covered with highly permeable firn. When drill in the firn， the compressed air and drilling fluid would leak into the surrounding firn if it is not reinforced， resulting in the inability to continue drilling operations. Therefore， it is necessary to seal and reinforce the borehole wall of firn in the process of sampling subglacial bedrocks. In this paper， a method of rotary jetting pile formation with melting water is proposed， and the theoretical analysis and experimental study were carried out. The research results show that in order to obtain a 0.4m borehole in firn， the lifting speed of the grouting pipe should be about 15~30mm/min. When the firn thickness is less than 100m， the temperature loss of meltwater during downward injection is approximately below 16℃. In normal conditions， the amount of water required for pile formation does not exceed 16 m³. In the cold polar environment， piles can be formed in the firn through the method of meltwater rotary jetting and refreezing. At the temperature of -15℃， the time for freezing into piles is approximately 60h.

Abstract:The study of fracture characteristics is of great significance in unconventional energy exploitation. Using the self-developed true triaxial hydraulic fracture simulation system， granite from Yanshan period in northeast Hunan Province was selected to carry out hydraulic fracture monitoring tests under different geopathological stresses based on the determination of basic physico-mechanical parameters. Based on the extraction of hydraulic eigenvalues combined with the method of three-dimensional morphological scanning to describe the characteristics of granite fracture evolution and rupture effect of rupture surfaces， the impacts of the geopathological stress on the characteristic parameters of hydraulic pressure response were analysed under the conditions of pulse fluid injection. The rupture pressure and pressure drop increased with the increase of geostress. The high geostress condition inhibits the fracture extension and makes the main fracture deflected， while the low geostress condition is conducive to the formation of the fracture surface with high roughness， and the fracture surface fractal value is higher under this condition. This is of some significance to the study of fracture characteristics of borehole perimeter rock under complex geological conditions.

Abstract:As the demand for deep resource exploration increases， high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking technology has emerged as a focal research area in the drilling field， driven by its efficiency and environmental advantages. This study first establishes a multi-physical field coupling model for high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking drilling. Three distinct drill bit configurations are designed， including coaxial cylindrical， multi-electrode pair， and electrode-crossing arrangements. Simulation were conducted to investigate the impact of drill bit electrode structures on the effectiveness of high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking， identifying the optimal electrode configuration under identical electrical parameters and rock characteristics. Based on the optimal coaxial cylindrical electrode structure， further simulations were performed to examine how factors such as drill bit diameter， applied voltage， high-voltage electrode shape， and rock dielectric constant influence the electric field strength within and on the surface of the rock. The results demonstrate that the coaxial structure provides a more concentrated electric field distribution， with the fracture area expanding more evenly from the center to the outer layers. Therefore， the coaxial structure exhibits distinct advantages for rock breaking. Additionally， the study reveals the influence of drill bit diameter and other factors on the electric field distribution both on the surface and within the rock. This research provides a critical design basis for optimizing high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking drill bits， offering valuable guidance for advancing the practical application of this technology in engineering contexts.

Abstract:High-pressure water jet can not only clean the bottom of wells but also significantly enhance the drilling speed， thus substantially improving the drilling efficiency. At present， however， the research on the combined rock-breaking of high-pressure water jet and PDC （Polycrystalline Diamond Compact） bits mainly centers on analyzing with PDC cutters as the basic cutting unit. This approach fails to comprehensively reflect the impact of high-pressure water jet on operation of the overall PDC bit. Therefore， in this study， the entire PDC single blade is regarded as the basic cutting unit. A numerical model for the combined rock-breaking of high-pressure water jet and PDC single blade is established using the SPH-FEM（Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics-Finite Element Method）. The reliability of the model was verified by the cutting force and the size of the water jet fracture pit， and the error between the model and the experiment was only 9.29%. Furthermore， based on this numerical model， the rock-breaking and rock-carrying mechanism of the high-pressure water jet and PDC single blade was analyzed through cutting force， rock stress field， rock strain field and bottom hole flow field. This method can basically reflect the influence of high-pressure water jet on the entire PDC bit， and verify the enhancement of the rock-breaking and rock-carrying capacity of the PDC bit by high-pressure water jet.

Abstract:Accurate evaluation of rock strength， especially real-time strength prediction during tunnel construction， is a key basis for ensuring engineering safety and optimal design. Machine learning prediction methods based on drilling parameters have shown great potential in the field of rock strength assessment. However， the black-box nature of traditional machine learning models limits their application in engineering practice. To this end， this study proposes a rock strength prediction method based on interpretable artificial intelligence. The decision-making mechanism of the XGBoost model is analyzed via SHAP analysis technology to achieve transparency and interpretability of the prediction process. The results show that the XGBoost model has achieved good performance in rock strength prediction， with the test set prediction accuracy reaching 75.71%. More importantly， SHAP value analysis quantitatively reveals the contribution mechanism of each input parameter to the prediction results. It is found that the average drilling speed dominates with a contribution rate of 25.67%， while the total contribution rate of parameter variability indicators （standard deviation category） is as high as 49.70%. This finding breaks the limitation of only focusing on parameter means in traditional cognition. This study reveals the general law of drilling parameters changing with drilling depth， realizes rock strength prediction while drilling， and is of great significance for promoting the interpretability and engineering application of underground engineering parameter prediction.

Abstract:With the gradual deepening of human exploration of the Moon， the gravel strata in lunar soil undoubtedly bring risks of wear and failure to drilling equipment during lunar drilling. Aiming at this problem， this paper takes gravel content， gravel size and spatial position of the gravel layer as influencing factors， and takes drilling power， drilling torque and drilling resistance as target parameters to carry out orthogonal physical tests， and obtains the following conclusions： the influence on drilling power from large to small is gravel size， gravel content and spatial position of the gravel layer. Power initially decreases and then increases with rising gravel content， initially increases and then decreases with increasing gravel size， initially increases and then decreases with increased complexity of gravel distribution. The influence on drilling torque from large to small is spatial position of the gravel layer， gravel content and gravel size. Torque is proportional to gravel content and thickness of the gravel layer， and the relationship with gravel size is that torque first increases and then decreases with the increase of gravel size. The influence degree on drilling resistance from large to small is spatial position of the gravel layer， gravel content and gravel size. Resistance is proportional to thickness of the gravel layer and gravel content， and the relationship with gravel size is that resistance first decreases and then increases with the increase of gravel size.

Abstract:In order to improve the drilling efficiency and prediction accuracy， this paper designs an ROP modeling algorithm based on real-time data stream comparison. A prediction framework oriented to real-time updating and model reuse is constructed by comparing the data streams of the main well with those of nine historical wells. The system first utilizes the sliding window mechanism to dynamically slice the data of the main well， and extracts the data of the same depth section from the nine wells in a K-Nearest Neighbor manner to construct the reference dataset. Then， it combines the Fast Fourier Transform with the spectral similarity index to realize the frequency domain comparison between the main well window and the historical data. When the similarity is higher than a set threshold， the system reuses the historical model， otherwise it instantly triggers retraining. The modeling process adopts the Random Forest algorithm， fuses the cumulative window data of the main well with the historical near-neighbor data， and carries out training and validation according to the method of “80% training+20% testing”. In the final modeling results， the model shows high stability and good generalization ability， with an average R2 of 0.99 and its residuals distributed around zero. The system provides a real-time， adaptive， and scalable modeling strategy for ROP prediction， which provides important support for intelligent drilling decision-making.

Abstract:Lithology identification is a very critical process in geological exploration and development. With the development of the geological exploration industry， the traditional lithology identification is limited by time and space， and can no longer meet the increasing data scale and dimensionality. Therefore， there is an urgent need for in-depth research on the intelligent prediction of lithology identification， so as to promote the development of lithology identification in the direction of digitalization， intelligence and timeliness. In this paper， with the goal of realizing intelligent lithology identification and prediction based on drilling parameters， five algorithms are used to establish intelligent lithology identification and prediction models， including Logistic Regression （LR）， Support Vector Machine （SVM）， K-Nearest Neighbor （KNN） algorithm， Random Forest （RF）， and Neural Network （NN）. They are designed to realize the intelligent prediction of drilling encounters. The main research contents are as follows： A regional stratigraphic identification model based on drilling data was designed. Through the data preprocessing of the original data， and then the factor analysis of the formation parameters and other parameters were reduced by factor analysis and modeled by five machine algorithms. An intelligent identification model was established with the drilling parameter matrix as the input， the lithology classification identification and formation parameter prediction as the output. Experiments show that for most of the five algorithms， the lithology identification accuracy and F1-score on the test set exceed 70%， and the individual accuracy is low but also about 60%， and most of the MAE and RMSE predicted by the stratigraphic parameters of the five models are below 1， and the identification and prediction are accurate.

Abstract:A correlation-based modeling algorithm is proposed to address the prediction and optimization of the rate of penetration （ROP） in the drilling process. By analyzing 21912 data points from ten oil and gas wells， the data were preprocessed， including the removal of irrelevant parameters， filling missing values， handling outliers， data smoothing， and normalization to ensure data quality and reliability. Subsequently， four correlation calculation methods （Pearson/Spearman/Kendall/Chatterjee） were used to analyze the relationships between various drilling parameters and ROP， revealing that parameters such as drilling fluid density， solid-phase content， and pump rate significantly impact ROP. In the modeling approach， two regression models， Multi-Layer Perceptron （MLP） and Random Forest （RF）， were employed， and different quantities of correlation parameters were used for training and validation. Pearson’s method performs best in the MLP model， while the performance of all algorithms in the RF model remains stable with an R2 value reaching 0.96. Additionally， the RF model outperforms the MLP model. The findings indicate that correlation analysis not only effectively extracts key parameters affecting ROP but also optimizes the modeling process. By combining machine learning and feature selection techniques， this study provides an intelligent new approach for ROP prediction and optimization and offers theoretical support for practical drilling engineering.

Abstract:Faced with various uncertainties existing in the drilling process of karst areas， this paper takes an engineering project in the karst of Western Guangdong as an example， relying on the long short-term memory （LSTM） model data prediction， and builds a drilling risk assessment framework in line with the local geological conditions， which can dynamically track and precisely predict drilling risks. It can be seen from the experimental data that the accuracy of hidden danger recognition of the model reaches more than 90%， which has important application value in ensuring the safety of drilling in karst areas， promoting the technological innovation in the field of drilling risk management， and providing a technical path for engineering safety protection under complex geological conditions.

Abstract:In light of the potential feasibility of gas injection for the development of high-temperature， high-pressure， low-permeability oil reservoirs in the western South China Sea and the imperative to enhance oilfield recovery efficiency， this study embarked on a series of laboratory experiments. These experiments were conducted with a focus on two gas types： carbon dioxide （CO₂） and hydrocarbon-associated gas. Under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions， fine-tube experiments and long-core displacement tests were meticulously carried out.A comparative analysis of the oil displacement efficiency of the two gases was undertaken， leading to a comprehensive evaluation of their development performance. The research findings indicate that under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions， CO₂ injection achieved a maximum oil displacement efficiency of 88.8%. Among various injection strategies， the alternating gas-water injection method yielded the highest displacement efficiency of 87.4%. The injection angle was found to have a maximum impact of 3.2% on the displacement efficiency. Hydrocarbon gas flooding and CO₂ injection technologies are deemed applicable to the high-temperature， high-pressure， low-permeability oil reservoirs in the western South China Sea.

Abstract:This study investigates the performance improvement of traditional anchored pile retaining walls equipped with novel anchor cable self-protection devices under seismic and complex geological conditions. A two-stage mechanical model was established and analyzed using finite element method coupled with Matlab program for numerical simulation，and the mechanical characteristics are systermatically analyzed. The results demonstrate that the self-protection device can generate controlled plastic deformation under overload conditions， effectively preventing brittle failure of anchor cables while endowing the structure with self-adaptive adjustment capability. Numerical calculation reveals that the device dissipates energy through plastic deformation， significantly reducing peak internal forces and improving overall stress distribution， thereby introducing dynamic “vitality” to conventional retaining structures. These findings provide theoretical foundations for enhancing the safety of retaining structures， though further research is required regarding device parameter optimization and long-term performance evaluation.

Abstract:Reverse circulation drilling technology， as an advanced drilling method， has attracted significant attention due to its remarkable advantages in improving drilling efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. Further optimizing the structural design of reverse circulation drill bits to enhance their performance remains a key research focus. This study focuses on the reverse circulation structure of the through-type ring jet DTH （Down-the-Hole） bit. Through systematic numerical simulation and experimental research， the influence laws of structural parameters on reverse circulation performance are explored in depth.Based on EFD （Engineering Fluid Dynamics） technology and using an L₂₇（313） orthogonal experimental design， numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the impact of 11 key structural parameters on reverse circulation performance. The results indicate that nozzle diameter， the distance between the nozzle and the inlet of the bottom jet hole， and the inlet air volume are the most significant factors affecting reverse circulation performance. The experimental findings show that a smaller nozzle diameter， an increased number of inner jet layers， and an inlet air volume within the range of 4~4.5m3/min can significantly enhance reverse circulation performance. Moreover， the open-jet design of the ring-jet reverse circulation structure can effectively suppress bit balling， especially in clay layers and other strata prone to bit balling.This study not only provides theoretical and technical support for the design of ring-jet reverse circulation drill bits but also lays the foundation for optimizing drilling process parameters and improving drilling efficiency.

Abstract:As a natural weight-increasing mud， cesium formate mud can solve the problems of solid phase weighting agent sedimentation and sticking in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment， and shows a broad application prospect in deep drilling. However， in the recovery process of cesium formate mud， the separation of soluble interfering ions is difficult， which limits its recycling and cost control. In order to solve this problem， a treatment method based on capacitive deionization technology （CDI） is proposed to remove the interfering ions in the cesium formate mud， realize the recycling of the cesium formate mud and reduce the cost of use. The physical and chemical properties of cesium formate and its stability in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment were analyzed. The removal efficiency of different valence ions （Na⁺， Mg²⁺， Al³⁺） and the desorption and regeneration performance of the electrode were investigated by constructing an electrosorption experimental platform. The experimental results show that the removal rate of Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ by CDI can reach 85.2 % and 67.1 %， while the removal rate of Al³⁺ is less than 30 % under 1.0V. In the desorption experiment， the conductivity of Na⁺， Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺ solutions recovered from 2.47μS/cm to 66.2， 57.6， 32μS/cm， respectively， indicating that the electrode could be regenerated by desorption. The study reveals the influence of voltage， concentration and ion charge number on the removal rate， and confirms that CDI technology has certain potential for removing interfering ions in mud. This study provides a new idea for the green recycling of cesium formate mud.

Abstract:During the drilling and extraction of gas hydrates in marine areas， the problem of reservoir wellbore instability caused by the degree of sediment cementation and the stability of hydrates severely restricts the safety and efficiency of drilling. Developing a new type of seawater-based drilling fluid system that can enhance the cementation strength of the reservoir and inhibit the decomposition and regeneration of hydrates is the key to ensuring wellbore stability and achieving efficient drilling. The microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation （MICP） technology provides a new reference for solving this problem， and the type of microorganisms as a key factor in the MICP process， their growth conditions in seawater-based drilling fluids will directly affect the wellbore stability. Therefore， through experiments in this paper， the growth patterns of two types of microorganisms， Bacillus pasteurii and Bacillus megaterium， in seawater at temperatures of 30， 20， 10， and 4℃ were investigated. Microbial strains suitable for constructing a seawater-based microbial drilling fluid system were selected. The results show that in seawater， the urease activity produced by Bacillus pasteurii is much higher than that of Bacillus megaterium. The bacterial concentration （OD₆₀₀） within 48 hours is 0.583~0.926， and the urease activity can reach 0.77~0.88 mmol/min. The logarithmic growth period is shorter， the maximum growth rate is higher， and the stable period is longer. Therefore， Bacillus pasteurii is selected as the preferred strain for the seawater-based microbial drilling fluid system.

Abstract:To address drag resistance and inclination control issues during slide drilling with traditional “single-bend single-stabilizer” bottom hole assemblies （BHAs） in horizontal wells， improving drilling efficiency and downhole safety， this study innovatively proposes a rotating stabilizer BHA. Based on previous field trial results and data， a mechanical model of the bottom hole assembly was established using longitudinal and transverse beam bending theory， focusing on calculating drill bit lateral force and stabilizer friction resistance. Simulations analyzed changes in mechanical performance under varying structural parameters， wellbore parameters， and drilling parameters. The results indicate that： Changes in the positive displacement motor bending angle have no significant effect on drill bit lateral force or stabilizer friction resistance. Considering practical conditions， using motors with excessively large bending angles is not recommended to minimize drilling tool wear caused by the wellbore wall； The outer diameter of the stabilizer and the distance from the drill bit to the stabilizer significantly influence drill bit lateral force and friction. When optimizing structural parameters， these stabilizer attributes can be primarily adjusted in conjunction with wellbore parameter conditions to meet different inclination requirements； To enhance drilling efficiency and downhole safety， it is recommended to employ this assembly with a stabilizer outer diameter range of 0.214 to 0.215 meters， a bending angle range of 1.5 to 2.5 degrees， a distance from the stabilizer to the drill bit of 0.4 to 1 meter， and a distance from the bending point to the stabilizer ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 meters. These findings can guide the optimization design of the rotating straightening bottom hole assembly’s structural parameters， support its field application， improve inclination control during sliding drilling in deviated sections， reduce pressure support risks， and possess practical engineering significance.

Abstract:The automatic drilling fluid preparation system is a set of equipment that integrates multiple functions such as material transportation， precise measurement， material feeding， mixing， performance monitoring and automatic control. It reduces labor intensity， shortens preparation time， improves work efficiency， reduces human operation errors， lowers the risk of mistakes， and contributes to improving stability and safety during drilling. The relationship between the dosage of treatment agents and the performance of drilling fluid is the basis for the control and operation of the automatic drilling fluid preparation system. In this study， centering on the drilling fluid formulation， performance maintenance， and self-adaptive adjustment of drilling fluid properties， laboratory simulation experiments with varying dosages of treatment agents were conducted. A set of dynamic regulation and control models for drilling fluid properties was established. Ultimately， the automated operation of the above-mentioned functions was successfully achieved on the self-developed online automatic preparation system for drilling fluid. The findings of this study hold great practical significance in facilitating the automation development of the automatic drilling fluid preparation system.

Abstract:During small-diameter core drilling， monitoring drilling fluid flow is challenging. To enable real-time and accurate monitoring of flow rate， promptly detect abnormal flow changes during drilling， facilitate timely adjustment and handling， ensure drill bit safety， and prevent downhole accidents such as bit burning and pipe sticking， an innovative flowmeter has been designed. Based on the fundamental structure of a float flowmeter and incorporating magnetic induction technology， this flowmeter can accurately measure drilling fluid flow in small-diameter drilling. Both linear and annular scale display schemes were designed for flow indication. Tests were conducted to address magnetic misalignment in the linear scale system， and parameter optimization experiments were carried out on key components such as the float and tapered tube. The results show that when eight magnets are used， no misalignment occurs between the active and passive magnetic assemblies. The flow measurement data exhibit a highly linear trend when using a float diameter of 33.8mm and a tapered tube with end diameters of 52mm and 34mm， making it more suitable for practical applications. Field tests in drilling operations demonstrate that this drilling fluid flowmeter offers high accuracy， sensitivity， adaptability， and reliability. It enables real-time monitoring of downhole drilling fluid flow， thereby helping to reduce the occurrence of downhole accidents.

Abstract:During deep-sea drilling operations， when drilling ships or platforms are conducting pipe retraction and extension operations in the moonpool， in order to avoid collisions between the pipe and the drilling platform or moonpool， this paper designed a pipe support device with a double-layer hydraulic cylinder driven roller mechanism that can effectively constrain the radial displacement of the pipe and buffer the collision force in the moonpool. This article mainly introduces the automatic control system of the support device. The system proposes three identification schemes for couplings to improve the stability of pipe support and the passability of couplings， as well as to cope with complex operating conditions. By building a hardware system with PLC as the main control device and HMI as the upper computer device， combined with PLC main-sub program design and HMI interface design， automatic support of pipes and avoidance of couplings during the retraction and extension process of various specifications of pipes have been achieved. The prototype successfully passed automatic control test of casing coupling identification and support/avoidance through the factory acceptance tests. The machine vision and color recognition solutions achieved 100% identification accuracy， validating the system’s feasibility. Furthermore， the automatic control system exhibits excellent adaptability to different pipe specifications， strong functional expandability， and user-friendly operational characteristics.

Abstract:To meet the challenges of small-diameter drilling for metallic mineral exploration in deep and complex formations， this study addresses four critical issues： low penetration rates in hard rock， difficulty in borehole trajectory control， poor borehole stability in broken or lost-circulation strata， and stringent environmental constraints. Four key technologies were developed and implemented：（1） For hard， low-abrasivity formations， bit design （composite matrix， diamond specification， hydraulic configuration） and drilling parameters （high weight-on-bit， moderate rotary speed） were optimized， raising the rate of penetration by more than 100%. （2） In deviation-prone formations， an anti-deviation bottom-hole assembly coupled with a ?32mm mud-pulse MWD system was deployed， enabling a “proactive deviation prevention + dynamic correction” strategy that limits borehole deviation to ≤1.5°/100 m. （3） Formation-adapted low-solid/non-solid drilling fluid systems with adaptive control， combined with drilling-with-casing and bridging lost-circulation materials， effectively mitigate collapse， diameter reduction and mud losses. （4） Green exploration principles were integrated through low-disturbance rigs， environmentally benign drilling fluids and closed-loop cuttings management， markedly reducing environmental impact. Field trials in the Huoqiu iron deposit demonstrate significant improvements in drilling efficiency， cost reduction， and accident-rate decline， providing a robust technical foundation for efficient， accurate and environmentally sustainable deep mineral exploration.

Abstract:Wireline coring technology has been widely used in the field of geological exploration， but the problem of drilling leakage affecting construction efficiency and safety is still prominent. Analyzing the characteristics of the existing wireline core drilling and plugging， three new safe and fast plugging processes are proposed： drilling plugging ball process， internal pipe injection of anti dispersion rapid setting cement process， and hole injection of hydrophobic chemical cementitious material process. The drilling and plugging ball technology uses a pounding cone to compress， deform， and break the developed plugging ball without lifting the drill， forcibly filling the formation gaps， aiming to solve the contradiction of “large particles difficult to enter the gaps and small particles difficult to bear pressure” in inert material plugging， and achieve the safe and rapid plugging goal of “entering， retaining， and bearing”. The process of injecting anti dispersion rapid setting cement into the inner pipe fully utilizes the wireline core winch to inject the inner pipe to achieve leak sealing. The modified cement slurry developed is loaded into the inner pipe and matched with the slurry release valve in place to achieve precise injection of the slurry without lifting the drill. After self leveling at the bottom of the hole， it quickly solidifies， which can minimize the risk of water invasion pollution and buried drilling. The process of adding hydrophobic chemical cementitious materials through the orifice adopts a mixture of polyurethane polyurea， quicklime， and polyethyleneimine to form a slurry. The material is added through the orifice and accompanied by clean water flowing into the hole. It can pass through a long distance of water filled holes to reach the bottom of the hole， and after self leveling， it quickly solidifies to achieve leak sealing. This article provides a detailed introduction to the preparation principles， operating steps， on-site evaluation， and advantages and disadvantages of each process， striving to achieve safer， more convenient， efficient， and low pollution leak prevention for wireline coring， and providing reference for technical personnel.

Abstract:The successful completion of the Chang’e-5 lunar exploration mission marks the beginning of China’s lunar sampling efforts. To obtain lunar surface geological information and adapt to the unique environmental conditions of the Moon， such as low gravity and the absence of a circulating medium， helical drill tools demonstrate good performance in drilling and sampling. To achieve better sampling results and improve the drilling and sampling rate， this study combines two drilling parameters-rotational speed and drilling speed and four drill tool structural parameters-drill tool length， inner diameter， pitch， and helix height-totaling six parameters. Using the orthogonal experiments， the research conducted simulated lunar soil drilling and sampling tests. At the same time， the range analysis and analysis of variance were used to analyze the results of the two test indexes of sampling rate and density change rate， and the following conclusions were obtained： （1） the influence degree of each factor under the indexes of sampling rate and density change rate was obtained respectively. （2） The influence trends of each factor on sampling rate and density change rate were obtained. （3） The optimal combination of parameters under the two test indexes of sampling rate and density change rate was obtained.

Abstract:Drilling is one of the key methods for investigating water inrush and sand gushing disasters in coal mines. However， the Detailed Rules for Prevention and Control of Water Hazards in Coal Mines only stipulates a minimum requirement of two surface boreholes in thin-bedrock areas， while underground drilling density relies entirely on the self-discipline of related coal mines. This regulatory framework allows those designs based on limited exploration boreholes easier to meet compliance requirements， yet still leaves potential water inrush and sand gushing risks in mining. Taking the 16031 panel in the northern wing of Liuhe Coal Mine as a case study and proceeding from potential disaster-inducing risk conditions， this paper discusses the necessity of increasing both surface and underground drilling density， summarizes its rationale， and reveal the effectiveness of enhanced drilling density in water hazard detection and control. The study concludes that two surface boreholes in thin-bedrock areas represent the regulatory baseline requirement. The density of surface and underground exploration boreholes should be comprehensively determined by factors including coal-bearing stratum undulations， ancient erosion surface morphology， bedrock weathering depth， fault structures， and geophysical anomaly distributions. Increasing drilling density for hydrogeological precise and detailed investigation is deemed essential. The increase in borehole density should be proposed based on the results of the previous exploration and targeted at unidentified risk sources. Appropriately increasing surface boreholes while fully utilizing underground boreholes proves to be an effective approach for investigating water inrush and sand gushing hazards as well as risk investigation.

Abstract:To address the technical challenges encountered during ICDP lake drilling， specifically， frequent encounters with fluid-plastic lacustrine silt （water content>80%， penetration resistance<10kPa） where conventional coring methods and drilling techniques for small-diameter cores result in high core disturbance and low recovery rates， a ?122.60 mm small-diameter piston-type dual-mode sampler was innovatively developed. Utilizing a triple-tube， non-rotating penetration design and hydrostatic control technology， this system successfully recovered lacustrine silt core samples over 58 runs totaling 127.40m in length from the depths of below 101.70m water during the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition at Nam Co Lake， Tibet. The cores exhibited a disturbance coefficient η of less than 0.15 and a recovery rate of more than 80%， representing a major breakthrough in low-disturbance coring. The CL-1G borehole reached a final depth of 510.20m， setting a new domestic record for drilling depth in high-altitude deep-water lakes. This technology provides critical drill core samples for reconstructing the glacial-interglacial climate evolution sequence of the Tibetan Plateau， offering valuable data for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and future climate prediction. The successful application of this sampler significantly enhances core quality and achievable drilling depth limits in lake sediments， particularly in ultra-soft plastic formations， providing reliable technical equipment support for global paleoenvironmental research in deep-water lakes.

Abstract:Mine safety has always been a topic of concern. After a mine accident， timely rescue is very critical. In the rescue process of trapped personnel in the mine accidents， quickly opening up the rescue shaft can greatly shorten rescue time and reduce casualties. More and more attention has been paid to the application of rapid drilling equipment and technology in mine emergency rescue. This paper introduces the current development status of rapid drilling equipment and technology， analyzes the performance of mine drilling rescue equipment， and summarizes the emergency rescue drilling technology and its applicable scopes and characteristics. It also analyzes the application effect of the CMD rig in mine emergency rescue drilling， discusses its technical characteristics， transportation advantages and drilling efficiency， and analyzes its important role in improving emergency response time and rescue efficiency. At the same time， in view of the problems existing in mine emergency rescue drilling， this paper also puts forward some suggestions， such as equipment upgrading and multi-process integration， carrying out the adaptability study of multi-process to complex formation， establishing the integrated technical scheme of in-mine accident emergency treatment， and strengthening the application of intelligent auxiliary technology.

Abstract:With the advancement of mining operations into deeper regions， there is an urgent demand for rapid rescue technologies to address the problem of personnel entrapment caused by sudden disasters. The traditional method of relying solely on clearing shafts and roadways underground to search for and rescue trapped personnel can no longer meet the needs of emergency rescue. Rapidly constructing rescue channels through drilling can effectively reduce casualties， and this surface-based rapid drilling rescue has become an important means in dealing with mine accidents. As the core method for building rescue channels， large-diameter drilling and its efficient construction techniques are the focus of current research. This paper systematically analyzes the technical background， domestic and international status quo， and experimental plans of large-diameter drilling， with emphasis on the application effectiveness of air reverse circulation drilling technology in complex strata. Through comparison of experimental data and process optimization， it summarizes the drilling rules under different geological conditions， providing both theoretical and practical support for enhancing the efficiency of mine emergency rescue.

Abstract:To address the technical challenge of insufficient pulling force in large-diameter， long-distance pipeline installation， the Institute of Exploration Techniques， CAGS， developed the PT-500 pipe pusher. Based on actual engineering requirements， the research proposed a comprehensive design scheme for the pipe pusher， including main structural design， electrical control system and hydraulic power system. Key technological breakthroughs were achieved in gripping jaw design， vulcanized rubber parameter determination， and pipe-holding head strength verification. The PT-500 pipe pusher has been successfully applied in the Guangdong Natural Gas Pipeline Network and Changbei Gas Transmission projects， assisting drilling rigs in completing pipeline pulls through complex strata （sand-rock transition layers and pure sand formations）. This effectively solved the problems of insufficient pulling force and borehole collapse associated with conventional methods.Field applications demonstrate that the equipment features reliable performance， user-friendly operation and strong adaptability. It provides an innovative solution for large-diameter， long-distance pipeline installation， significantly reducing construction risks and advancing horizontal directional drilling technology.

Abstract:The top-down construction technology has broad application prospects in fields such as urban underground space development and deep foundation pit engineering. However, as the main vertical load-bearing components in top-down construction, steel pipe columns are significantly affected by verticality deviations and errors caused by manual positioning, which have a great impact on construction quality. To improve the positioning accuracy and vertical precision of steel pipe columns in top-down construction, this paper designs and develops an intelligent platform for top-down construction steel pipe columns capable of automatic vertical adjustment and positioning based on the top-down construction process and intelligent control technology. It mainly elaborates on the overall structure, working principle and performance parameters of the equipment, and conducts performance tests on it. The test results show that the vertical precision of steel pipe columns placed by the intelligent platform for top-down construction steel pipe columns is controlled within 1/800, and the positioning accuracy is controlled within ±5mm, which effectively enhances the stress stability of steel pipe columns and improves the project quality. This platform has certain practical significance for promoting the development of top-down construction technology in the direction of intelligence.

Abstract:With the deepening of green development concepts， traditional green exploration techniques can no longer fully meet the current demands for environmental protection and harmonious exploration. Taking the geological and mineral exploration in Guizhou Province as an example， this paper addresses prominent issues such as vegetation destruction， groundwater pollution， and noise disturbance， proposing a series of technical countermeasures for green exploration drilling. Through systematic pre-drilling assessments， inclined hole layouts optimizition， “one-hole multi-branch” and “one-base multi-hole” techniques， geophysical detection of karst caves， and the application of high-efficiency electric drilling rigs， challenges such as forest land occupation， water source protection， carbon emissions， and noise pollution have been effectively resolved. Practical applications demonstrate that these technologies significantly reduce environmental disturbances， improve exploration efficiency， and achieve a win-win outcome for both economic and ecological benefits. However， current shortcomings such as outdated equipment and insufficient funding persist. Future efforts should focus on promoting the “group-hole” exploration model and the “geology-engineering integration” approach to further advance the innovation and application of green exploration technologies.

Abstract:Drinking natural mineral water resources have high economic value， the exploration and completion process is complex， and the technical and quality standards are strict.To prevent the exploration work from polluting the water quality of mineral water，reduce the adverse impact on the ecological environment of water sources， green exploration needs to be implemented.This article takes the exploration project of drinking natural mineral water resources in Bijie experimental zone as an example. In order to explore high-quality mineral water resources， protect the local ecological environment and ensure the sustainable development of resources.According to the current status of the natural environment in the operation area， the characteristics of the stratum structure and the technical quality requirements，Through a series of green construction technical measures such as optimization of drilling equipment， drilling technology， clean and pollut-free well-forming materials， accurate selection of the optimal target layer， blocking of harmful pollution substances， and isolation of non-target aquiferous layer， the regional environment is effectively protected and the quality and water quality of mineral water completion are ensured. The green construction technology has a good demonstration and reference role for the exploration and development of drinking natural mineral water resources in Guizhou Province and even the whole country.

Abstract:In view of the complex geological conditions and fragile ecological environment characteristics in typical areas of western China， this paper systematically introduces the innovative application and practical effect of green drilling technology. Through the use of portable drilling rigs （MD-300， GK200， EP800， etc.） to reduce environmental disturbances， innovative implementation of dual-machine linkage construction mode to improve operational efficiency， and according to local conditions， ecologically friendly transportation methods such as manual handling and cableway transportation are adopted. In the construction process， the key technical measures such as the development and application of environmentally friendly flushing fluid formula， the establishment of recycling system， the use of low solid flushing fluid and site anti-seepage treatment are adopted. The results show that the technical system can significantly reduce the pollution of soil and water caused by drilling activities. At the same time， through ecological restoration technologies such as re-grassing and re-tillage， turf reservation and gobi ecological restoration， the effective restoration of the ecological environment in the drilling area is realized. The research results provide reliable technical support for the coordinated development of resource development and environmental protection in typical western regions.

Abstract:The practice and application of green exploration technology is carried out during the drilling construction in the north working area of Tashidaban， Ruoqiang County， Xinjiang. According to the topographical features， geological and construction requirements， the borehole structure is determined. The drilling equipment， drilling methods， flushing fluid systems and drilling tool combinations are scientifically selected， especially for the flushing fluid formula in nearly horizontal drilling. The stability of the borehole and the construction efficiency are ensured. The requirements of green exploration， green drilling construction measures， as well as the evaluation of ecological benefits and social benefits are expounded. Practice has proved that guided by the concept of green development and by strengthening the application of green exploration technical methods， the damage to the ecological environment can be greatly reduced.

Abstract:This article mainly focuses on the field of geological core drilling engineering， guided by the concept of green exploration work， and is aimed at the application practice of modular drilling machines and flushing fluid treatment equipment. It introduces the construction characteristics of modular drilling machines and their advantages in forest covered areas， analyzes the adaptability of drilling machines to diverse engineering needs through module combination. At the same time， it studies the importance of flushing fluid treatment technology， including flushing fluid performance requirements， recycling mechanism， and corresponding treatment process， and discusses the significance of scientific and reasonable flushing fluid treatment methods for protecting the environment， providing reference for promoting the green development of the drilling industry.

Abstract:Due to the influence of natural conditions such as water depth， offshore distance， wind and waves， overwater drilling has difficulties such as high construction difficulty， high risk factor， and low drilling efficiency. This paper combined the overwater exploration project of a hydropower station to conduct research and summary on the entire process drilling technology in deep and turbulent water areas， including the theoretical calculation of drilling platform outfitting specification parameters， also with the platform design， verification， and construction work suitable for overwater drilling in turbulent areas， and proposed a protective casing device and retraction process suitable for high flow velocity environments， which solved the problems of poor water flow impact resistance and low connection efficiency of casing under high flow velocity conditions in deep water. The above technologies ensure the safe and smooth implementation of drilling projects on turbulent water in the region， and the research results can provide a reference for overwater drilling in various industries or regions.

Abstract:In response to the key technical challenges in the Zhangfushan Mining Area upper stratum， such as borehole wall instability and simultaneous drilling fluid leakage during drilling，which caused by complex geological conditions including stratum collapse， surface deformation， and groundwater drainage，the issue of borehole wall instability was overcome by optimizing the hole structure and combining it with the casing drilling process. Additionally， an innovative pressure-controlled check valve was introduced to regulate the dynamic pressure of drilling fluid， ensuring safe penetration through the upper complex formations. In the lower stable strata， a packed-hole wireline coring assembly was employed to achieve precise borehole trajectory control， ultimately successfully penetrating the target ore zones. Engineering practices demonstrate that this integrated approach provides technical references for core drilling in similar geological settings and supports the new round of strategic mineral exploration breakthrough initiatives.

Abstract:The Yellow River Delta is a typical area of continental shelf sedimentation under the interaction of land and sea， with a majority of sand and mudstone layers， poor stratigraphic cementation， and frequent interbedding of mud and sand. In the drilling construction for ground subsidence monitoring， technical problems such as mud making in mudstone formations， water inflow in sand layers， leakage， dilution of mud， over diameter， and risk of hole wall collapse often occur. At the same time， the original state of the rock core should be maintained. In response to the technical difficulties， key technical methods such as cross caliber wireline core drilling tools， potassium based low solid polymer flushing fluid system， and water pressure coring were adopted， while also ensuring solid phase control and short lifting. Cement sealing is used to ensure the sealing effect and safety of the sealing operation. Oil well cementing and water reducing agent are used to significantly increase the fluidity of the cement slurry and reduce the probability of sealing accidents without changing the water cement ratio. The successful completion of this drilling provides a reference for similar core drilling in sedimentary formations in coastal areas in the future.

Abstract:With the increasing demand for mineral resource exploration in recent years， the depth of core drilling and the complexity of strata have been increasing， leading higher requirements for controlling the trajectory of drill holes in order to accurately drill into the ore bodies and achieve geological objectives. This paper introduces the construction overview of the Z2901 drill hole at the Chan’an Gold Mine， and addresses a series of technical difficulties such as wall collapse， rock falling， broken drill accidents， borehole enlargement， trajectory control， and core sampling in complex strata. It summarizes the experience of construction of large-angle geological core drilling， provides technical references for the construction of large-angle geological core drilling.

Abstract:This study systematically investigated the application of deviation correction technologies to address borehole trajectory deviations encountered during drilling operations in the Yongwen Dapeng phosphate mining area. By optimizing the wellbore trajectory control plan and implementing a phased dynamic regulation strategy （“first reducing inclination， then stabilizing azimuth” e.g.）， combined with a ?73 mm bent screw drilling tool and a JTL-40GX fiber-optic gyroscopic inclinometer for directional measurement， precise coordinated control of the well deviation angle and azimuth angle was achieved. The results demonstrate that the final deviations of the SJK04， SJK05， and SJK06 boreholes were 9.79， 5.91， and 11m， respectively， corresponding to 67%， 36%， and 64% of the permitted design values， which meets the engineering accuracy requirements （deviation limit ≤1%）. Notably， directional drilling in the SJK05 borehole reduced the well deviation angle from 4.93° to 1.68° （a reduction of 65.9%） and adjusted the azimuth angle by 161°. This research provides a technical reference for trajectory control in complex stratigraphic drilling and demonstrates the engineering applicability of the phased regulation strategy.

Abstract:The main rock types of the Caixiu mining area in Huanjiang County， Guangxi are carbonaceous mudstone， limestone， and interbedded mudstone and limestone. Rock fractures and caves are commonly developed， and drilling passes through faults. The contact surface of the fault is filled with loose mud. During construction， a single hole encounters multiple layers of leakage， and the leakage of flushing fluid is severe， including small and micro cracks， large cracks， caves， high-pressure differential fracturing of loose formations， and pressure penetration leakage. The designed drilling depth of the mining area exceeds one kilometer， making construction difficult. Based on the characteristics of the leakage layer， the mining area adopted comprehensive measures such as casing isolation， plugging with drilling plugging agent， plugging with large crack plugging material， cement plugging， intermittent grouting plugging with conduit method， basalt fiber plugging， and top leakage drilling， and successfully completed the drilling construction task. This construction experience has important reference significance for drilling construction in similar formations.

Abstract:The regional geological structure of the Laiwu iron-rich mining area in Shandong is well-developed， with complex and diverse stratigraphic lithology. Influenced by factors such as geological tectonic movements and groundwater activities， various leakage channels have formed. Severe drilling fluid leakage， frequent accidents such as drill burning， sticking， and breaking occur in the area， leading to high construction difficulty and costs. During the core drilling of three boreholes， multiple formation leakage issues were encountered， including groundwater flow channel leakage， fissure leakage， and karst cave leakage. On-site research on plugging countermeasures was carried out， and the drilling tasks were successfully completed by adopting methods such as simultaneous drilling and plugging， stop drilling for plugging， and drilling against leakage. This has accumulated experience for solving complex formation leakage problems in the Laiwu area.

Abstract:During the drilling construction in a gold mine in the western mountainous area， multiple layers of severely fractured strata were encountered. Punching was used to deal with the accident， which took a long time and resulted in multiple collapse accidents during subsequent construction， making it difficult to proceed smoothly. The single method such as casing wall protection， cement slurry wall fixation， and flushing liquid wall protection， cannot meet the construction requirements due to economic， construction period， safety， and other reasons. For this purpose， a combination of casing， cement slurry， and green anti collapse flushing solution was used for wall protection during construction. The upper fractured formation was protected by casing， the middle fractured formation was reinforced with cement slurry， and the lower fractured formation was protected by green anti collapse flushing solution. Practice has proven that this method has shortened the project duration by 33.56% and saved 11.70% of the costs， providing valuable experience for drilling in similar geological pits.

Abstract:During the exploration and development of deep salt mineral resources， the frequent technical challenge of drilling fluid loss is characterized by complex formation mechanisms and significant sealing difficulties. Under the combined effects of tectonic stress， groundwater dissolution， and engineering disturbances， reservoirs and near-wellbore zones are prone to developing multi-scale fracture networks and even dissolution cavities， forming a multi-channel seepage system. A case in point is Well A from a brine extraction project in Hebei Province： leakage occurred at a depth of 2594m， which evolved into a total loss scenario with simultaneous influx and leakage in the same stratum at 2598m， severely impacting drilling efficiency. To address this leakage issue， this study employs crosslinked gel and cement slurry composite sealing technology. Leveraging the excellent water plugging capabilities and controllable crosslinking time of the gel， a network-like separation layer was formed to provide effective support for subsequent cement slurry consolidation. After two sealing operations， the drilling fluid return reached approximately 80% of the normal flow rate. This composite technology effectively overcomes the adaptability limitations of traditional single sealing materials and offers a novel solution for managing severe leakage in deep drilling engineering.

Abstract:The Gaoshiti Block faces multiple challenges during the cementing of ?177.8 mm liners， including active oil and gas shows， high pumping pressure， a narrow window of safe density， susceptibility to lost circulation， and significant wellbore temperature variations. These conditions impose strict requirements on the density control， rheology， and stability of the cement slurry. To enhance the performance of high-density cement slurry， a high-density， low-friction system with an adjustable density （2.1~2.4g/cm3） was developed. This was achieved by optimizing a compound weighting agent consisting of micromanganese spherical particles and iron ore powder， in combination with a low-viscosity fluid-loss additive and a polymer suspension stabilizer. The system demonstrates excellent high-temperature stability and pumpability， effectively reducing friction and improving annular displacement efficiency. Field applications in four wells within the block showed a reduction in pumping pressure by 4~6MPa， an increase in annular displacement efficiency to over 90%， a cementing qualification rate exceeding 70%， full returns to the planned depth， and no fluid losses across the entire interval. The theoretical friction pressure closely matches field measurements， confirming the system’s adaptability and engineering feasibility， and providing strong support for its broader application in the Gaoshiti Block.

Abstract:In order to solve the technical problem of anti-deviation and straight drilling under complex working conditions such as the high dip angle formations in the high and steep structures of western China， a low-cost mechanical static push-against automatic vertical drilling tool has been applied. This tool has a pure mechanical three-layer independent rotation structure and is composed of components such as a gravity-biased stable platform. It can actively prevent and correct deviation during the drilling process， and has the characteristics of high temperature resistance， high rotational speed， strong vibration resistance， and low cost. It was applied 4 times in the third section of the ?311mm borehole of Well FSCZ-9 in high-steep piedmont structures of western China. The cumulative footage was 1680.16m. The inclination of the entire well section could basically be controlled below 1°， achieving good test results for anti-deviation and straight drilling. Compared with traditional technologies and foreign systems， the pure mechanical structure improves reliability， reduces costs， effectively， releases the weight on bit， and increases the rate of penetration. The on-site application has verified the feasibility， stability， and reliability of the tool， providing technical support for the further on-site promotion and application of the tool， offering an efficient and reliable solution for drilling in complex formations， and being of great significance for the development of drilling technology.

Abstract:To reduce the extraction cost of coalbed methane （CBM） in thick coal seams and improve the economic efficiency of horizontal well drilling， this paper conducts a comprehensive comparison of different types of azimuthal gamma-while-drilling （AGWD） tools， with a focus on elaborating the working principle and technical advantages of the distal drill collar-type azimuthal gamma tool. By analyzing the changes in upper and lower gamma curves of the distal drill collar-type azimuthal gamma tool in terms of formation identification and key working conditions of re-entry into the target formation during its application in CBM horizontal wells， and comparing these curves with logging parameters such as drilling time， gas logging， and cuttings under the corresponding working conditions， the results show that the distal drill collar-type azimuthal gamma tool can accurately determine the relative positional relationship between the wellbore trajectory and the formation. It also provides a basis for on-site geological steering， meeting the actual drilling requirements. Meanwhile， the distal drill collar-type azimuthal gamma tool has higher responsiveness than the probe-type azimuthal gamma tool， and its operating cost is reduced by more than 50% compared with the near-bit azimuthal gamma tool under the same formation and working conditions. This has reference significance for its popularization and application in the development of other unconventional energy sources.

Abstract:The Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin is a core area for unconventional oil and gas reserve increase in China. It is characterized by well-developed high-quality source rocks， dense nanoscale pore-throat system， abnormally high formation pressure coefficients， and heterogeneous wettability. To address challenges including high wellbore instability， stringent trajectory control requirements， and high torque/drag control difficulty during drilling， we optimized and developed efficient drilling tools， built precise trajectory control models， and refined drilling parameters. We also developed a high-performance oil-based drilling fluid system with strong sealing for nano-pore and fracture formations and a resilient cement slurry system. By integrating these fast-drilling and completion technologies， we achieved efficient development. The average drilling speed increased by 29.5%， the success rate of drilling high-quality reservoirs in horizontal sections reached 90.26%， and the excellent cementing quality rate rose to 90%， ensuring stability and safety in shale oil horizontal well drilling. By establishing a learning curve to modify and improve the block-specific speed-up technical template timely， this study further promotes the speed-up of Gulong shale oil horizontal wells and accelerates the exploration and development.

Abstract:The slim-hole horizontal well adopts a non-standard size wellbore structure， which poses significant challenges in improving ROP and efficiency during drilling. Therefore， based on the rock mechanics and drillability of the Jiaoshiba block formation， combined with the requirements of the wellbore structure and wellbore trajectory design of the horizontal well， and based on the conventional guidance method of “efficient PDC +PDM +MWD/LWD”， the key drilling tools for the development of conventional shale gas horizontal wells were optimized and iteratively upgraded， and the “one-trip drilling” tool assembly was improved， formed a “122” （1 trip drilling for the first section， 2 trips drilling for the second， and 2 trips drilling for the third） integrated technical solution of efficient drill bits and PDM tools for slim-hole horizontal wells. The one-trip drilling technology for horizontal wells has been promoted and applied in 39 slim-hole horizontal wells in the Jiaoshiba block. 15 wells have successfully achieved the “122” goal， with significant results in ROP and efficiency improvement. This provides technical support and guarantee for the efficient development of shale gas fields in old blocks， and serves as a reference for ROP and efficiency improvement in other shale oil and gas and tight oil and gas fields.

Abstract:Xinjiang， as a region in China with enormous potential for shale gas （and hydrocarbon） resources， presents severe challenges to drilling construction processes due to its complex geological conditions， such as deep-seated shale formations and strongly water-sensitive shale. Drawing on the drilling practices of small-diameter geological survey wells， taking Well Ye 2 as an example， this paper systematically analyzes optimized drilling technology solutions suited to this region. These solutions encompass key technologies including equipment selection， drill bit selection， deviation control and straight-hole drilling， drilling fluid management， lost circulation prevention， and intelligent monitoring. Through on-site practical verification， the optimized drilling processes have significantly reduced the rate of complex accidents and enhanced drilling efficiency， thereby providing technical support for the cost-effective and efficient development of shale gas in Xinjiang. Looking ahead， further research is needed to tackle the challenges of low-cost and intelligent drilling technologies to meet the demands of large-scale development.

Abstract:The multi-process air drilling technology has become an effective method for the development and utilization of deep geothermal and groundwater resources. It not only offers excellent protection for geothermal reservoirs， but also has advantages such as high drilling efficiency， low cost， and no pollution. Based on years of production practice， this paper describes the multi-process air drilling technology and its equipment used in geothermal well construction， as well as the combined application of pneumatic down-the-hole hammer drilling and air-lift reverse circulation drilling technologies， along with the favorable results achieved in practice.

Abstract:The filling material feeding hole in coal mines is a crucial passage for re-transporting the solid waste such as coal gangue produced during underground coal mining back to the underground mined-out areas for filling. Due to its high usage frequency and large transportation volume， the filling materials impact， erode and wear the hole walls during transportation， causing deformation or even damage to the feeding holes， which seriously affects their working efficiency. In response to this situation， it is necessary to handle the feeding holes. Taking the repair and treatment of the filling material feeding holes in Beixulou Coal Mine as an example， this paper expands and shapes the original feeding holes， inserts casing pipes， and solidifies the cement to form new feeding holes， achieving the goal of quickly handling the deformed and damaged feeding holes， reducing the workload， shortening the downtime of the feeding holes， and ensuring the normal production of coal mining enterprises.

Abstract:The deviation requirements for the in-situ leaching process holes in the Nalinggou uranium deposit are high， and there are many construction procedures， which make the drilling construction difficult and the construction period long. The construction period for the entire process of the in-situ leaching process holes （one-time hole formation） in the Nalinggou uranium deposit is 6 to 10 days， with an average of 7 to 8 days. The open-hole construction time is 4 to 8 days， with an average of 5 to 6 days. In order to efficiently and rapidly construct the in-situ leaching process holes and save the entire drilling process time， this paper conducts research on the efficient and rapid construction process from aspects such as drilling tools gradation， mud formulation， positive displacement motors and centralizers. Introduce drilling inclinometers， design of solid control systems， design of pipe lowering auxiliary equipments， and design of setting devices to prevent mud from falling back. Through research and experiments， the effects of short open-hole formation time， high hole formation quality， small damage to the drilling tool and low consumption of the drill bit have been achieved.

Abstract:In the construction of ground subsidence monitoring networks， deep hole drilling is a key method for obtaining geological data. However， in Harbin’s unique geological conditions， borehole walls are prone to narrowing and collapse， affecting efficiency and data accuracy-issues closely related to drilling fluid performance. This study designed and optimized a drilling fluid formula containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose， polyacrylamide， potassium ions， and sodium silicate. Tests showed excellent rheology， low fluid loss， and effective wellbore stabilization and collapse resistance. Field applications confirmed improved borehole stability and drilling efficiency， with the collapse rate below 5% and drilling speed increased by 15%~20%， supporting the efficient construction of the network and offering a reference for similar projects.

Abstract:During drilling in cohesive soil layer， accidents such as shrinkage， collapse， adhesion and drilling rod stuck， are prone to occur， as well as mud-packing drill bits and pump choking-up， and the soil layer has a certain slurry-making ability， which changes the performance parameters of the flushing fluid and affects the drilling efficiency and the quality of the core. Through in-depth analysis of the mechanical properties， hydration mechanism of the soil， the performance parameter’s detrimental influence of slurry-making to flushing fluid， drilling efficiency and core recovery percents， the improvement and optimization to the bit kerf structure， core recovery form， flushing fluid performance parameter and drilling technology and so on are carried out， thereupon improving the drilling efficiency in the soil layer and reducing the drilling cost.

Abstract:Shallow drilling technology can rapidly penetrate different types of substrate layers and accurately collect representative substrate samples. Therefore， in this study， the GJ240-2S drilling rig was used in JNZK04 drilling well for surface matrix survey with depth of 20m in Yutai County， Shandong Province. The technical methods and application value of shallow drilling technology in surface substrate investigation were systematically explored. By combining core logging， sample collection and analysis， and geophysical methods， key information such as the vertical matrix types and structure characteristics of the substrate layer can be obtained. The applicability in surface substrate investigation was verified and its advantages were summarized. The shallow drilling technology can provide strong technical support for surface substrate investigation.

Abstract:As a typical karst development area， the Yantai area faces significant challenges to engineering safety due to its complex geological structures and hidden karst formations. Traditional exploration methods （e.g.， drilling， ground-penetrating radar） are constrained by limitations such as insufficient resolution， high costs， or restricted applicability， making them inadequate for refined detection needs. This study focuses on the microtremor survey method and addresses the complexity of karst development in the Yantai area. The research team selected a reasonable and feasible microtremor detection array layout scheme， employed the microtremor spectral ratio method to analyze the stratum structure， and verified the results using geological drilling data. Systematic investigations demonstrate the method’s applicability and technical advantages in karst exploration. Field applications confirm its effectiveness in identifying buried caves and karst collapse hazards， significantly enhancing the detection accuracy.

Abstract:Taking the prospecting and exploration work area in the periphery of the Songjianghe Gold Mine as an example， this study explored the application effect of core magnetic susceptibility data in prospecting and exploration through the measurement and comparative analysis of magnetic susceptibility of cores from 3 boreholes. The magnetic susceptibility of 1858 core samples was measured， and a comparative analysis was conducted in combination with borehole column diagrams and magnetic susceptibility curves. The results show that： core magnetic susceptibility data has a significant marking effect on the location of pyritization and can effectively indicate mineralized alteration zones； magnetic susceptibility parameters play an auxiliary role in stratigraphic division and help distinguish different lithological and structural characteristics. In sections with strong mineralization and alteration， the magnetic susceptibility value increases significantly， showing an obvious abnormal increase compared with normal areas. There is a significant magnetic difference between quartz veins and other rocks： the magnetic susceptibility of quartz veins is less than 0.30×10^-3 SI （with an average of 0.10×10^-3 SI）， while the magnetic susceptibility of other rocks is generally greater than 1.0×10^-3 SI. Through the comparative analysis of borehole column diagrams and magnetic susceptibility curves， this study verified the practical value of magnetic susceptibility data in prospecting and exploration， and provided a scientific basis for the new round of Strategic Action for Prospecting Breakthroughs.

Abstract:The Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th， 2008， triggered a large number of debris flow disasters， resulting in a significant number of casualties and huge economic losses. In the years following the earthquake， debris flow disasters in the disaster-stricken areas continued to occur frequently after several rainy seasons. This paper takes the debris flow in Yuchi Gully in Pingwu County as an example to study the formation conditions， basic characteristics， and control measures of mountain rainstorm-induced gully-type debris flows. The debris flow in Yuchi Gully is a viscous debris flow with a bulk density of 1.62 t/m3. Using the rainstorm-flood method， the peak flow rate at the gully mouth of the debris flow with a recurrence interval of 20 years is calculated to be 53.48 m3/s. The total volume of a single debris flow passing through is 25400 m3， and the solid material discharge of a single debris flow is 10500 m3. These data provide design parameters for the debris flow control project. Based on these data， a comprehensive control measure of “submerged sill group+slit dam+diversion channel+covered culvert+road surface restoration” is proposed， and it has achieved good control results. This measure has certain reference value for the design of control projects for similar rainstorm-induced gully-type debris flows， especially those with large longitudinal gradients， narrow channels， and no reservoir storage space.

Abstract:In the geomorphic areas of alluvial-plain and limno-lacustrine plain in Zhejiang， thick soft soil strata are widely distributed. Due to the engineering characteristics of soft soil， during the construction of foundation pit excavation， it is extremely easy to cause problems such as excessive lateral deformation of the soil around the foundation pit and settlement exceeding the allowable value. The whole-process monitoring of the foundation pit project by a scientific and standardized manner are of great importance for ensuring the safety of the foundation pit project. Taking a foundation pit project in Yuecheng District， Shaoxing City as an example， this paper arranges 7 categories of monitoring items for the foundation pit project， designs the layout and monitoring methods of monitoring points according to specifications， and scientifically and reasonably analyzes the foundation pit monitoring data， providing key monitoring data support for the project construction and ensuring the safe and smooth progress of the foundation pit project. Finally， combined with the practical case of this foundation pit monitoring project， the key issues that need to be paid attention to in each stage of the foundation pit monitoring process are summarized and analyzed.

Abstract:In recent years， China has achieved remarkable results in the construction of green exploration standard system. From the national level to the local level， a series of standard specifications have been introduced， and the standard system framework of green exploration has been constructed according to local conditions. This paper mainly sorts out the current green exploration standards in China， covering national standards， industry standards， group standards and local standards. Combined with the promotion and application of the standards， this paper puts forward suggestions for optimizing development from the aspects of standard implementation and supervision， construction and improvement， scientific and technological innovation and standard integration， so as to provide reference for the construction of a perfect green exploration standard system.

Abstract:Core drilling construction in high altitude areas faces multiple challenges such as extreme climate， low oxygen environment， complex geological conditions and difficult logistics support. This paper systematically discusses the key issues in the organization and management of core drilling construction at high altitudes， taking the Dangre Yongcuo working area at an altitude of 5700m as an example. Through the summary of practice， we have carried out targeted management exploration from the aspects of personnel health protection， equipment adaptability transformation， construction process optimization， emergency plan formulation and so on. Practice has proved that scientific planning of construction period， strengthening plateau operation training， reasonable selection of equipment and increasing logistics support can significantly improve construction efficiency and safety. The case study verifies the necessity of implementing fine management in high-altitude drilling. These practical experiences can provide valuable reference for geological exploration projects in similar extreme environments.

Abstract:To address the pain points in the drilling industry， such as fragmented knowledge， inefficient knowledge inheritance， and insufficient utilization， this paper proposes a solution to build a drilling knowledge integration and sharing platform based on database and Web technologies. By digitizing paper-based resources， integrating multi-source data， managing knowledge elements， and applying intelligent technologies， the platform establishes a comprehensive knowledge base covering equipment， processes， engineering cases， and cutting-edge technologies， enabling online knowledge integration， intelligent retrieval， and precise recommendation. It focuses on elaborating three core links in platform construction-knowledge base development， network resource integration， and functional module development-providing technical support for drilling enterprises to improve knowledge management efficiency and enhance innovation capabilities.