矿井事故垂直救援孔快速钻进技术研究

Application of fast drilling technology in vertical drilling rescue for mine accidents

摘要:

近些年来，在矿井事故应急救援中，钻探垂直救援井是重要手段之一。当矿井事故发生后，人员被困井下，地面救护人员无法通过井巷进行快速救援的情况下，在被困井下人员生命尚存的“黄金救援”时限内，运用先进的钻探工程技术方法，可安全、快速、精准地打通地面直通井下巷道的钻孔，从而达到维持生命、营救井下被困人员的预期目的。本文根据宁东煤田羊场湾煤矿地质条件，进行矿山钻探垂直应急救援小口径钻孔孔身结构设计、钻井方法选择、钻具结构设计、钻井液设计及钻井参数设计等快速钻井技术研究，旨在为宁夏矿山钻探垂直救援孔提供支持，促进矿山事故救援成功率的提升。

关键词:矿井事故;应急救援;垂直救援孔;孔身结构设计;快速钻进技术;轨迹控制;安全透巷

Abstract:

In recent years， drilling vertical rescue wells is one of the important means for emergency rescue in mine accidents. When the mine accident occurs， and people are trapped underground， there is a golden rescue time window for the life of the personnel trapped underground； however， the surface rescue personnel are unable to carry out rapid rescue through the roadway. Advanced drilling technology can be used to drill boreholes safely， quickly and accurately to connect surface to the underground roadway ， so as to achieve the expected purpose of maintaining life and rescuing the trapped underground personnel. According to the geological conditions of the Yangchangwan mining area in Ningdong Coalfield， this paper mainly studies fast drilling technology， such as the hole structure design， drilling method selection， drilling tool structure design， drilling fluid design and drilling parameter design for small-diameter vertical drilling for mine emergency rescue， so as to provide support for vertical rescue hole drilling for Ningxia mines， and promote the improvement of the rescue success rate of mine accidents.

Key words:mine accident;drilling emergency rescue;vertical rescue hole;hole structure design;fast drilling technology;trajectory control;safe drilling through roadway