深部大陆科学钻探取心技术现状与发展趋势

Status and development trend of coring technology for deep continental scientific drilling

摘要:

针对万米级特深钻探取心技术发展需求，本文结合国内外典型钻探工程实践，系统分析了深部取心面临的极端工况、长井段连续取心装备适配、取心效率、井斜控制四大难题，梳理了国内外取心装备、钻头、井底动力、绳索取心、防堵、防斜等技术的应用现状，对比分析了不同工艺的优劣与工程应用效果。研究表明，我国在深部取心领域取得了显著进展，但在特深部极端环境下长井段高效与高质量连续取心核心技术仍存在短板。研究指出，未来取心技术将以高效、高质量获取深部岩心为基本目标，向自动化、智能化深度融合方向发展，通过构建“测量+控制+取心”一体化系统、攻克耐高温井底动力、突破特深绳索取心及长回次岩心防堵解堵技术与智能诊断预警技术，形成新一代深部取心技术体系，为我国深地探测提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

To meet the development requirements of coring technology for 10000-meter ultra-deep drilling， this paper systematically analyzes four major challenges faced by deep coring-extreme working conditions， equipment adaptability for continuous coring in long well sections， coring efficiency， and well deviation control-based on typical drilling engineering practices both domestically and internationally. It reviews the application status of technologies concerning coring equipment， drill bits， downhole motors， wireline coring， anti-jamming， and deviation control， and comparatively analyzes the advantages， disadvantages， and engineering application effects of different processes. The research indicates that China has made significant progress in the field of deep coring； however， core technologies for efficient and high-quality continuous coring over long well sections under ultra-deep extreme environments still have shortcomings. The study points out that future coring technology will take the efficient and high-quality recovery of deep cores as its fundamental objective， and develop towards the deep integration of automation and intelligence. By constructing an integrated "measurement+control+coring" system， developing high-temperature-resistant downhole motor technologies， and making breakthroughs in ultra-deep wireline coring， core anti-jamming and plug-releasing technologies for long-run coring， as well as intelligent diagnosis and early warning technologies， a new generation of deep coring technology system will be established， providing technical support for China''s deep earth exploration.