非常规地质能源钻探取心技术研究综述

A review of coring technology for unconventional geological energy

摘要:

在全球能源转型与我国“双碳”目标深入推进的背景下，非常规地质能源已成为核心接替资源，钻探取心是获取其储层精准物性参数的重要手段。针对非常规储层的复杂物性特征、不同能源的专属取心挑战，以及现有研究往往按能源类型分类、缺乏技术共性梳理的现状，本文以技术方法为核心，系统梳理保压取心、保形取心、大直径取心、密闭取心、孔底冷冻取心五大技术，阐述各技术的核心原理、国内外技术应用现状。分析表明，我国已形成具有自主知识产权的取心技术装备体系，在深海深地等领域实现工程突破，但现有技术仍存在单一技术适配性有限、极端环境应对能力不足、效率与成本难以兼顾等难题。本文进一步剖析技术发展的核心挑战，提出技术融合、智能升级、环境适配、绿色高效、原位测试的发展方向，为该领域的技术创新与工程实践提供系统性参考。

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the global energy transition and the in-depth advancement of China''s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals， unconventional geological energy has become a core alternative resource， and drilling coring is an important means to obtain accurate physical property parameters of its reservoirs. In view of the complex physical properties of unconventional reservoirs， the specific coring challenges associated with different energy types， and the current situation of existing studies-most of which are classified by energy type and lack a systematic summary of technical commonalities-this paper focuses on technical methodologies， systematically sorting out five major technologies： pressure-retaining coring， shape-preserving coring， large-diameter coring， sealed coring， and downhole freezing coring. The core principles and the current status of domestic and foreign technical applications of each technology are elaborated. The study shows that China has established a coring technology and equipment system with independent intellectual property rights and achieved engineering breakthroughs in scenarios such as deep sea and deep earth. However， the existing technologies still have some challenges， including limited adaptability of a single technology， insufficient capability in responding to extreme environments， and difficulty in balancing efficiency and cost. This paper further analyzes the core challenges in technological development and puts forward the development directions of technical integration， intelligent upgrading， environmental adaptation， green and high efficiency， and in-situ testing providing a systematic reference for technological innovation and engineering practice in this field.