北京市城市地质钻探规范体系构建

Construction of the specification system for urban geological drilling in Beijing

摘要:

城市地质取心钻探是获取地下地质信息的关键手段，北京市复杂的地下地质条件对岩心质量提出更高要求，而当前钻探工作存在规范体系不健全、岩心质量参差不齐等问题。为构建适应首都城市地质工作的取心钻探规范体系，研究梳理了北京市城市地质取心钻探的发展现状与核心挑战，分析了冲击钻进、普通回转钻进、浅层回转钻进、多功能直推式钻进、声频振动钻进等多种工艺的应用特点与适用边界，结合城市土地与地下水环境调查、地下空间开发条件调查、地质灾害调查、地质环境监测等不同场景，明确了岩心在原状性、洁净度、代表性及信息关联性方面的精细化要求。进而提出分层差异化取心率标准、扰动与洁净度等级判定体系、“目标-地层-工艺”适应矩阵及全生命周期信息追溯机制等核心技术方案，构建了一套针对性强、可操作性突出的综合性规范体系框架。研究成果为提升北京城市地质取心质量提供了技术支撑，也为国内其他特大城市开展同类工作提供了参考，对夯实城市安全发展的地质保障基础具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Urban geological coring drilling serves as a critical method for acquiring subsurface geological information. The complex subsurface geological conditions in Beijing impose higher requirements on core quality， while current drilling operations face challenges such as a lack of standardized procedures and inconsistent core quality. To establish a coring drilling specification system tailored to the urban geological work in the capital， this study reviews the current development status and core challenges of urban geological coring drilling in Beijing. It analyzes the application characteristics and applicable scopes of various techniques， including percussion drilling， conventional rotary drilling， shallow rotary drilling， multi-functional direct-push drilling， and sonic vibration drilling. Based on different scenarios-such as urban land and groundwater environmental investigation， underground space development condition survey， geological hazard investigation， and geo-environmental monitoring-the study defines refined requirements for cores in terms of undisturbed property， cleanliness， representativeness， and information correlation. Furthermore， it proposes core technical solutions including stratified differentiated core recovery rate standards， disturbance and cleanliness level classification systems， a "target-stratum-technique" adaptation matrix， and a full-lifecycle information traceability mechanism， thereby establishing a comprehensive and highly targeted normative framework with strong operability. The research outcomes provide technical support for improving the quality of urban geological coring in Beijing and serve as a reference for other megacities in China undertaking similar work， which are of great significance for consolidating the geological guarantee foundation for urban safe development.