旋转式井壁取心技术发展现状与展望

Development status and prospects of rotary sidewall coring technology

摘要:

井壁取心是对钻进取心的重要补充，而传统旋转式井壁取心技术在高温、高压及高地应力环境下易发生岩心丢失、破碎或取心失败等问题，难以满足深井及非常规储层的高质高效取心需求。针对以上问题，本文系统回顾了国内外典型旋转式井壁取心工具的技术进展，对其结构参数与取心原理进行对比分析；深入探讨了地层条件、取心器性能、井斜情况、滤饼质量、钻井液性能及操作失误等因素对井壁取心质量的影响机制；基于现场应用数据，对各类井壁取心工具在岩心采取率、完整性和岩心分析适用性与可靠性等方面进行综合评估。研究表明：旋转式井壁取心技术在复杂地层中具备显著优势，可为深层与超深层储层评价提供可靠的物性与地质参数支撑，而大尺寸旋转式井壁取心技术显著提升了样品代表性；国产化井壁取心工具在常规储层已趋成熟，但在核心部件寿命、信号采集与控制精度等方面仍存在差距；未来技术升级应聚焦于耐高温材料、密封与抗污染设计及多参数自适应控制体系等关键方向，以提升作业精度与环境适应性，为复杂地层岩心获取提供更高效的工程解决方案。

Abstract:

Sidewall coring serves as a vital supplement to conventional coring. However， traditional rotary sidewall coring technology is prone to core loss， fragmentation， or coring failure under high-temperature， high-pressure， and high ground stress conditions， making it difficult to meet the demand for high-quality and efficient coring in deep wells and unconventional reservoirs. To address these challenges， this paper systematically reviews the technological progress of typical rotary sidewall coring tools both domestically and internationally， conducting a comparative analysis of their structural parameters and coring principles. It further delves into the influence mechanisms of factors such as formation conditions， coring tool performance， well deviation， filter cake quality， drilling fluid properties， and operational errors on sidewall coring quality. Based on field application data， a comprehensive evaluation is performed on various sidewall coring tools in terms of core recovery rate， integrity， suitability for core analysis， and reliability. The findings indicate that rotary sidewall coring technology holds significant advantages in complex formations and can provide reliable support in terms of petrophysical and geological parameters for the evaluation of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs， while large-size rotary sidewall coring technology markedly enhances sample representativeness. Domestic sidewall coring tools have reached maturity in conventional reservoirs but still have gaps in the lifespan of critical tool components， signal acquisition， and control accuracy. Future technological advancements should focus on key areas such as high-temperature-resistant materials， sealing and anti-contamination design， and multi-parameter adaptive control systems to improve operational precision and environmental adaptability， thereby offering more efficient engineering solutions for core acquisition in complex formations.