压水试验技术发展历程与创新构想

Development and innovative concepts of water pressure test technology

摘要:

在全球能源结构调整与页岩气等非常规资源勘探开发的背景下，压水试验作为评估岩体渗透性的关键原位测试技术，其技术进步对保障能源资源安全具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了压水试验从经验定性到数字化、智能化的发展历程，分析了其技术理论与试验设备的协同演进。针对传统技术存在的起下钻频繁、效率低、数据解读依赖推断等局限，提出了不提钻压水试验系统、多功能集成探管和多栓塞压水试验装置3项创新技术构想，并阐述了其工作原理、工艺流程及技术优势。这些构想分别融合绳索取心、孔内成像探测与多栓塞同步隔离测试等核心技术，旨在实现压水试验向“高效、精准、可视化”的跨越。本研究可为压水试验从单一参数测试向“地质-水文-工程”一体化诊断平台的演进提供路径参考，为我国能源资源勘探与重大工程建设提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

Under the backdrop of global energy restructuring and the exploration and development of unconventional resources such as shale gas， the water pressure test serves as a key in-situ testing technology for evaluating rock mass permeability， and its technological advancement is of great significance for ensuring energy and resource security. This paper systematically reviews the development history of the water pressure test from empirical qualitative analysis to digitalization and intelligence， and analyzes the co-evolution of its technical theories and testing equipment. Addressing the limitations of traditional techniques， such as frequent tripping， low efficiency， and data interpretation relying on inference， three innovative technical concepts are proposed： the non-tripping water pressure test system， the multifunctional integrated probe， and the multi-packer water pressure test device. Their working principles， technological processes， and technical advantages are elaborated. These concepts integrate core technologies including wireline coring， borehole imaging detection， and synchronous multi-packer isolation testing， aiming to achieve a leap towards "high efficiency， high precision， and visualization." This study provides a pathway reference for the evolution of water pressure testing from single-parameter testing to an integrated "geological-hydrological-engineering" diagnosis platform， offering technical support for energy resource exploration and major engineering construction in China.