我国铀矿钻探装备主要进展和发展建议

Major progress and development suggestions of China''s uranium drilling equipment

摘要:

铀资源是重要的战略资源和能源矿产，针对铀矿钻探装备难以满足新时代安全、绿色、高效钻探要求的现状，本文系统梳理了21世纪以来我国铀矿钻探装备的发展历程。结合国内外装备对比，指出了当前行业存在的核心问题：砂岩铀矿勘查钻探施工仍以自动化程度低的立轴钻机为主，劳动强度大、安全风险高；地浸采铀钻探装备体系不完善，效率与能耗矛盾突出；特殊地形区装备进场困难，冲洗液固控技术落后。针对这些瓶颈，本文提出了未来3年发展建议，包括：开展立轴钻机及钻塔的自动化与数字化升级改造；研发难进入地区高效低成本施工装备；深化智能冲洗液固控技术研究；加强全液压钻机、绳索取心工艺等先进成熟技术装备的引进与推广。本研究为推进我国铀矿钻探装备换代升级提供了科学依据和技术路线，对推动地质钻探行业技术进步具有重要参考价值。

Abstract:

Uranium resources are important strategic resources and energy minerals. In view of the current situation where uranium drilling equipment struggles to meet the requirements for safe， green， and efficient drilling in the new era， this paper systematically reviews the development history of China''s uranium drilling equipment since the 21st century. By comparing domestic and foreign equipment， the core problems existing in the current industry are pointed out： spindle drill rigs with low automation are still the main equipment for sandstone uranium exploration drilling， resulting in high labor intensity and safety risks； the equipment system for in-situ leaching （ISL） uranium drilling is incomplete， with prominent contradictions between efficiency and energy consumption； equipment mobilization in special terrain areas is difficult， and drilling fluid solid control technology is backward. To address these bottlenecks， this paper puts forward development suggestions for the next three years， including： carrying out automation and digitalization upgrades for spindle drill rigs and derricks； developing high-efficiency and low-cost construction equipment for hard-to-access areas； deepening research on intelligent solid control technology for drilling fluids； and strengthening the introduction and promotion of advanced and mature process equipment such as fully-hydraulic drill rigs and wireline coring technology. This study provides a scientific basis and a technical pathway for promoting the upgrading of China''s uranium drilling equipment and has important reference value for advancing the technological progress of the geological drilling industry.