曲线顶管三维轨迹动态测量技术研究进展及展望

Advances and prospects in dynamic 3D trajectory measurement technology for curved pipe jacking

摘要:

曲线顶管施工要求管道沿空间曲线高精度掘进，轨迹控制是贯通质量与安全的关键。传统顶管导向系统主要面向近直线工况，难以满足复杂三维曲线顶管的姿态与方向控制需求。陀螺导向系统有望解决空间曲线顶管导向难题，但在顶管施工复杂环境下，其动态精度劣化及长时精度难以保持。本文面向空间曲线顶管的三维轨迹测量需求，对常用导向与测量技术进行梳理，总结了人工目测法、激光标靶法、棱镜法、全站仪法和陀螺导向法5种方法，并明确各方法的适用条件与局限。其中，陀螺导向法是解决长距离曲线顶管的首选方案。因此，本文针对陀螺导向法在实际工程应用过程中存在的问题，提出解决方案和改进思路。本文旨在为空间曲线顶管三维轨迹动态测量技术的进一步研究和应用提供一定的借鉴。

Abstract:

Curved pipe jacking requires the pipeline to advance with high accuracy along a three-dimensional designed alignment， and trajectory control is critical to both breakthrough quality and construction safety. Traditional guidance systems for pipe jacking are designed primarily for near-straight drives， and therefore cannot adequately meet the attitude and heading control requirements of complex three-dimensional curved drives. Gyroscope-based guidance is a promising approach to this problem， but the dynamic accuracy can degrade in complex construction environments and its long-term stability is difficult to maintain. Targeting the needs of dynamic three-dimensional trajectory measurement for space-curved pipe jacking， this paper reviews commonly used guidance and measurement techniques including manual visual sighting， laser-target methods， prism-based optical tracking， total-station surveying， and gyro-based guidance， while clarifing their applicability and limitations. Among these， gyro-based guidance is the preferred solution for long-distance curved drives. Therefore， this paper identifies the major issues encountered in engineering practice and proposes corresponding remedies and avenues for improvement. This work aims to inform further research and application of dynamic 3D trajectory measurement technologies for space-curved pipe jacking.