现浇混凝土大直径管桩力学特性研究综述

Review of the mechanical behavior of cast-in-place concrete large-diameter pipe piles

摘要:

软土地区具有高含水率、大孔隙比、低承载力及高压缩性等特点，传统桩基面临成桩质量差、承载效率低等问题。现浇混凝土大直径管桩（PCC桩）作为一种适用于软土地基处理的新型桩基技术，其力学特性对工程安全与性能具有重要影响。本文系统综述了PCC桩在内摩阻力、负摩阻力、竖向承载、水平承载及抗拔性能等方面的力学特性研究进展，总结了室内模型试验、现场试验、有限元与离散元数值模拟、理论推导等多技术路径的研究成果，明确了各力学特性的影响因素、分布规律及计算方法。分析表明，当前研究在内摩阻力的量化表征、负摩阻力时变演化机制、复杂荷载作用下的响应特性及群桩相互作用等方面仍存在不足。未来研究应注重多方法耦合、精细化建模与工程实测验证，以提升PCC桩设计的科学性与工程适用性，从而推动该技术在高速铁路、港口工程及抗浮结构等领域的更广泛应用。

Abstract:

Soft soil regions are characterized by high water content， large void ratio， low bearing capacity， and high compressibility. Traditional pile foundations often face challenges such as poor construction quality and low bearing efficiency in such ground. The cast-in-place concrete large-diameter pipe pile （PCC pile）， as a novel foundation technology suitable for soft soil improvement， has its mechanical behavior critically important for engineering safety and performance. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the mechanical behavior of PCC piles， including internal friction resistance， negative skin friction， vertical bearing， horizontal bearing， and pull-out resistance. It summarizes findings from multiple technical approaches， such as laboratory model tests， field tests， finite element and discrete element numerical simulations， and theoretical derivations. The influencing factors， distribution patterns， and calculation methods for each mechanical characteristic are clarified. Analysis indicates that current research still has shortcomings in the quantitative characterization of internal friction resistance， the time-dependent evolution mechanism of negative skin friction， the response under complex loading conditions， and pile group interaction effects. Future research should focus on the coupling of multiple methods， refined modeling， and validation through engineering field measurements to enhance the scientific basis and practical applicability of PCC pile design， thereby promoting broader application of this technology in high-speed railways， port engineering， anti-floating structures， and related fields.