顶驱式岩心钻机在小秦岭金矿田3500 m特深孔施工应用

Application of a top-drive core drilling rig in the construction of a 3500 m extra-deep borehole at the Xiaoqinling gold field

摘要:

为探明小秦岭金矿田深部成矿规律，在地质条件复杂的小河断裂带部署了一口3500 m科学钻孔。施工面临断层泥缩径、破碎带坍塌、高地应力卡钻等严峻挑战，孔内事故频发，传统钻探技术难以满足要求。本文介绍了XD-40DB型交流变频顶驱式岩心钻机的成功应用，依托其智能化集成控制、18 m长行程给进、精准动力调控等核心技术优势，结合优化的五开钻孔结构、多套针对性冲洗液体系及精细化参数调控，形成了一套适用于特深孔复杂地层的综合施工技术。该技术有效克服了孔壁失稳和卡钻等难题，终孔孔深3491.90 m，平均岩心采取率97.18%，圆满完成地质任务。研究成果不仅为小河断裂控矿机制研究提供了关键地质数据，更验证了顶驱式岩心钻机在深部复杂地层勘探中的卓越性能与核心支撑作用，为我国同类特深孔钻探工程提供了重要的技术示范和实践经验。

Abstract:

To investigate the deep metallogenic regularities of the Xiaoqinling gold field， a 3500 m scientific deep borehole was deployed in the geologically complex Xiaohe Fault Zone. The drilling operation encountered severe challenges， including borehole constriction in fault gouge， collapse in fractured zones， and stuck pipe due to high ground stress， leading to frequent downhole incidents where conventional drilling techniques proved inadequate. This paper presents the successful application of the XD-40DB AC variable frequency top-drive core drilling rig. By leveraging its core technological advantages—such as intelligent integrated control， an 18m long-stroke feed system， and precise power regulation—in conjunction with an optimized five-section borehole structure， multiple targeted drilling fluid systems， and meticulous parameter control， a comprehensive construction technology applicable to extra-deep boreholes in complex formations was developed. This technological system effectively overcame challenges like borehole instability and stuck pipe， achieving a final depth of 3491.90 m and an average core recovery rate of 97.18%， thereby successfully fulfilling the geological objectives. The findings not only provide crucial geological data for studying the ore-controlling mechanism of the Xiaohe Fault but also validate the exceptional performance and pivotal supporting role of top-drive core drilling rigs in deep exploration within complex formations， offering a significant technical demonstration and practical experience for similar extra-deep drilling projects in China.