煤矿薄基岩区煤柱留设的高密度钻探勘查方法及合理性探讨

High-density drilling exploration method for pillar setting in thin bedrock areas of coal mines and rationality discussion

摘要:

钻探是煤矿突水溃砂灾害勘查的重要手段之一，但《煤矿防治水细则》仅对薄基岩区提出2个地面钻孔的基本要求，井下钻探密度完全靠生产单位自觉执行，导致依据少量勘查钻孔即可完成合规设计，但采区工作面仍可能存在一定突水溃砂风险。本文以刘河煤矿北翼16031工作面为研究对象，在潜在致灾风险分析基础上，讨论了地面、井下增加钻孔密度的必要性，总结了增加钻孔密度的合理性，并结合刘河煤矿16031工作面的成功应用，分析了增加钻孔密度的水害查治成效。研究表明：薄基岩区2个地面钻孔是规范的底线要求，地面和井下勘探孔的密度应按含煤地层起伏、古剥蚀面形态、基岩风化深度、断裂构造、物探异常区的分布综合确定，提高钻孔密度进行水文地质精细勘查具有必要性；钻孔密度的增加应在前一步勘探成果基础上提出，以未查清风险源为目标；适当加密地面钻孔，充分利用井下钻孔是突水溃砂灾害勘查和风险排查的有效途径。

Abstract:

Drilling is one of the key methods for investigating water inrush and sand gushing disasters in coal mines. However， the Detailed Rules for Prevention and Control of Water Hazards in Coal Mines only stipulates a minimum requirement of two surface boreholes in thin-bedrock areas， while underground drilling density relies entirely on the self-discipline of related coal mines. This regulatory framework allows those designs based on limited exploration boreholes easier to meet compliance requirements， yet still leaves potential water inrush and sand gushing risks in mining. Taking the 16031 panel in the northern wing of Liuhe Coal Mine as a case study and proceeding from potential disaster-inducing risk conditions， this paper discusses the necessity of increasing both surface and underground drilling density， summarizes its rationale， and reveal the effectiveness of enhanced drilling density in water hazard detection and control. The study concludes that two surface boreholes in thin-bedrock areas represent the regulatory baseline requirement. The density of surface and underground exploration boreholes should be comprehensively determined by factors including coal-bearing stratum undulations， ancient erosion surface morphology， bedrock weathering depth， fault structures， and geophysical anomaly distributions. Increasing drilling density for hydrogeological precise and detailed investigation is deemed essential. The increase in borehole density should be proposed based on the results of the previous exploration and targeted at unidentified risk sources. Appropriately increasing surface boreholes while fully utilizing underground boreholes proves to be an effective approach for investigating water inrush and sand gushing hazards as well as risk investigation.