瓦斯抽采孔孔口降尘剂的制备与性能评价

Preparation and performance evaluation of dust suppressant for gas drainage borehole orifice

摘要:

本文针对深部煤矿瓦斯抽采钻孔过程中孔口煤尘危害严重且传统除尘技术效率低的问题，旨在研发一种具有协同抑尘机制的高效环保降尘剂。以海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇和丙烯酰胺为原料，通过接枝共聚法制备了接枝共聚物PSA，并复配表面活性剂APG0810，制备出新型复合降尘剂PSAA。采用红外光谱、热重分析表征PSA的结构与热稳定性，并通过沉降实验、接触角测试、抗蒸发与抗风蚀实验对PSAA的抑尘性能进行评价。结果表明，PSA热稳定性良好；PSAA溶液与煤样的接触角低至24°，较清水降低61.9%，润湿性优异；在50 ℃环境下保水效果良好；在9 m/s强风侵蚀下，抗风蚀率仍达81.73%。扫描电镜证实，PSAA能在煤尘表面形成致密固化层，实现“润湿-黏结-固化”协同抑尘。该降尘剂制备简单、性能优良，为瓦斯抽采孔口煤尘的高效控制提供了新的技术思路与解决方案。

Abstract:

Addressing the severe coal dust hazard at the orifice of gas drainage boreholes in deep coal mines and the low efficiency of conventional dust control technologies， this study aims to develop a high-efficiency， eco-friendly composite dust suppressant with a synergistic dust suppression mechanism. A graft copolymer （PSA） was synthesized via graft copolymerization using sodium alginate， polyvinyl alcohol， and acrylamide as raw materials. A novel composite dust suppressant （PSAA） was then formulated by compounding PSA with the surfactant APG0810. The structure and thermal stability of PSA were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy （FTIR） and Thermogravimetric Analysis （TGA）. The dust suppression performance of PSAA was evaluated through a series of experiments， including sedimentation experiments， contact angle measurement， and anti-evaporation and wind erosion resistance tests. The results indicate that PSA possesses excellent thermal stability. The PSAA solution demonstrated outstanding wettability， exhibiting a contact angle as low as 24° with the coal sample， a 61.9% reduction compared to that of water. It also showed significant moisture retention at 50 °C and a wind erosion resistance rate of 81.73% even under strong wind conditions of 9 m/s. Scanning Electron Microscopy （SEM） confirmed that PSAA forms a dense， consolidated layer on the coal dust surface， achieving a synergistic "wetting-bonding-curing" dust suppression effect. This novel dust suppressant is characterized by a simple preparation process and superior performance， offering a new technical approach and solution for the effective control of coal dust at the orifice of gas drainage boreholes.