高压电脉冲破岩钻进影响因素数值化仿真研究

Numerical simulation study on the impact of high-voltage electric pulses on rock breaking during drilling

摘要:

随着深部资源开发需求增长，高压电脉冲破岩技术因其高效、环保优势成为钻探领域的研究热点。本文首先建立了高压电脉冲破岩钻进多物理场耦合模型，设计了同轴圆柱式、多电极对式及电极交叉式三种钻头结构。然后仿真分析研究了钻头电极结构对高压电脉冲破岩效果的影响规律，得出同样电参数及岩石特性下最优的钻头电极结构。最后基于最优的同轴圆柱式电极结构钻头，仿真研究了钻头直径、施加电压、钻头高压电极形状及岩石介电常数等分别对岩石内部及表面电场强度的影响规律。研究结果表明，同轴结构明显使电场分布更集中且破碎区域从中心向外部扩展更均匀，同轴结构在破碎岩石方面更有优势。同时得出了钻头直径等分别对岩石表面及内部电场影响规律。本研究为高压电脉冲破岩钻头优化设计提供了设计依据，对推动该技术的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

Abstract:

As the demand for deep resource exploration increases， high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking technology has emerged as a focal research area in the drilling field， driven by its efficiency and environmental advantages. This study first establishes a multi-physical field coupling model for high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking drilling. Three distinct drill bit configurations are designed， including coaxial cylindrical， multi-electrode pair， and electrode-crossing arrangements. Simulation were conducted to investigate the impact of drill bit electrode structures on the effectiveness of high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking， identifying the optimal electrode configuration under identical electrical parameters and rock characteristics. Based on the optimal coaxial cylindrical electrode structure， further simulations were performed to examine how factors such as drill bit diameter， applied voltage， high-voltage electrode shape， and rock dielectric constant influence the electric field strength within and on the surface of the rock. The results demonstrate that the coaxial structure provides a more concentrated electric field distribution， with the fracture area expanding more evenly from the center to the outer layers. Therefore， the coaxial structure exhibits distinct advantages for rock breaking. Additionally， the study reveals the influence of drill bit diameter and other factors on the electric field distribution both on the surface and within the rock. This research provides a critical design basis for optimizing high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking drill bits， offering valuable guidance for advancing the practical application of this technology in engineering contexts.