煤矿井下瓦斯抽采钻孔全流程自动钻进工艺技术

Full-process automated drilling technology for gas drainage boreholes in underground coal mines

摘要:

煤矿井下瓦斯抽采钻孔施工目前存在自动化程度低、工序可控性差、安全风险高、劳动强度大、生产效率低等问题，自动化、智能化是煤矿安全生产的核心发展方向。基于煤矿安全生产对井下瓦斯抽采钻孔减人、增效、强安、降本的要求，开展了煤矿井下瓦斯抽采常规钻孔的全流程多机协同自动化钻进技术研究。研究团队深入分析了钻孔施工、钻渣清运、筛管下放及带压注浆等核心工序的功能需求，在此基础上提出了一套完整的自动化施工模式与技术方案。该方案旨在指导现场作业，实现各工序在有限人员配置下的时序化、线性化自动执行，从而显著减少作业人员、降低劳动强度，并升级全过程的智能监测系统。通过制定并实施标准化的作业工艺与规范，该技术成功替代了传统作业模式。现场试验初步验证了其有效性，在减员和降低劳动强度方面成效显著。然而，为全面推广应用，仍需持续改进，以进一步提升成套装备的可靠性、稳定性及钻进效率等关键性能指标。

Abstract:

The construction of gas drainage boreholes in underground coal mines currently faces challenges such as low automation， poor process controllability， high safety risks， high labor intensity， and low production efficiency. Automation and intelligence represent the core development direction for safety in coal mine production. Driven by the industry’s requirements for reducing personnel， increasing efficiency， enhancing safety， and lowering costs in gas drainage operations， this study investigates the technology of full-process， multi-machine collaborative automated drilling for conventional boreholes. The research team conducted an in-depth analysis of the functional requirements of core processes， including drilling construction， cuttings removal， screen pipe installation， and pressurized grouting. Based on this analysis， a complete automated construction model and technical solution were proposed. This solution aims to guide on-site operations， enabling the sequential and linear automated execution of each process with a limited personnel configuration， thereby significantly reducing the number of operators， lowering labor intensity， and upgrading the intelligent monitoring system for the entire process. By establishing and implementing standardized operational procedures and specifications， this technology has successfully replaced traditional operational models. Preliminary field trials have verified its effectiveness， demonstrating significant achievements in personnel reduction and reduction in labor intensity. However， for broader application and promotion， continuous improvement is still required to further enhance key performance indicators of the integrated equipment system， such as reliability， stability， and drilling efficiency.