大洋钻探孔内长期观测系统发展及其在地震监测中的作用

The development of long-term borehole observation systems in IODP and their role in earthquake monitoring

摘要:

大洋钻探孔内长期观测系统的应用为多学科研究提供了珍贵资料。本文全面梳理了大洋钻探实施以来各类孔内长期观测系统，着重剖析日本“地球号”配备的Smart Plug、Genius Plug微型观测系统及LTBMS长期观测系统的结构与安装详情。这些系统能捕捉到风暴、海啸及地震信号，LTBMS联网数据还可以揭示孔隙压力变化与地壳变形的关联：通过分析Smart Plug监测的温压数据可研究瞬变压力与地震、海啸的关系；对比不同系统的压力数据能判断地壳是否变形；综合多个联网孔内观测系统数据有助于探索地震孕育机制。深入探讨这些系统的作用及日本的实践经验，对我国相关系统的研发具有重要启示，对深入认识地球构造演化和地震活动规律有重大意义。

Abstract:

Ocean drilling has been carried out for more than 50 years. Not only have a large number of cores been drilled to promote the progress of Earth Science， but also the application of long-term borehole observation systems has provided valuable data for multidisciplinary research. This paper comprehensively reviews various long-term borehole observation systems since the implementation of ocean drilling， and focuses on analyzing the structures and installation details of the Smart Plug and the Genius Plug micro-observation systems and the LTBMS long-term observation system equipped on the Japanese “Chikyu” drilling ship. These systems can capture storm， tsunami and earthquake signals， and the networked data of LTBMS also reveals the correlation between pore pressure changes and crustal deformation. For example， by analyzing the temperature and pressure data monitored by the Smart Plug， the relationship between transient pressure and earthquakes and tsunamis can be studied； by comparing the pressure data of different systems， it can be determined whether the crust has deformed； and by synthesizing the data of multiple networked borehole observation systems， it is helpful to explore the earthquake nucleation mechanism. Deeply exploring the functions of these systems and the practical experience of Japan has important implications for the research and development of related systems in China， and is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the tectonic evolution of the earth and the laws of earthquake activities.