长距离水平孔绳索取心钻进关键技术研究及应用

Research and application of key technologies for long-distance wire-line core drilling in horizontal boreholes

摘要:

随着国家能源战略升级转型，将西部地区作为水电工程建设依托载体，亟需精细勘查建设区域地质特征，支撑水电工程高效规划建设。针对该地区横向展布岩性特征、地质特征不明确、断层分布描述不精准等问题，采用长距离水平绳索取心钻探技术对建设区域进行精细化勘察，通过优选先进的设备工具，制定合理高效的钻进工艺技术，构建一套长距离水平绳索取心关键技术体系，达到精细化勘察工区地质特征及构造的目标。以西部地区某工程地质勘察为例，应用长距离水平绳索取心关键技术体系，全孔平均钻速3.61 m/h，台月效率高达422.42 m/台月，全孔岩心采取率高达94.92%，完钻顶角与设计值误差仅为0.1%，全孔方位在设计值±1°以内波动。现场应用表明，本文提出的长距离水平绳索取心定向钻进关键技术对西部地区工程勘察具有良好的应用价值，可为复杂地质区域勘探与开发提供技术支持。

Abstract:

With the upgrading and transformation of the national energy strategy， the western region has become a key carrier for hydropower project construction. There is an urgent need for detailed exploration of the geological characteristics in the construction areas to support the efficient planning and construction of hydropower projects. Aiming at issues in this region such as unclear lateral lithological and geological characteristics， and inaccurate description of fault distribution， the long-distance horizontal wire-line coring drilling technology was adopted for detailed exploration of the construction areas. By selecting advanced equipment and tools， formulating reasonable and efficient drilling process technologies， and establishing a set of key technologies for long-distance horizontal wire-line coring， the goal of detailed investigation of the geological characteristics and structures in the exploration area was achieved. Taking the engineering geological exploration of a project in the western region as an example， the key technology system for long-distance horizontal wire-line coring was applied. The results showed that the average drilling speed of the hole was 3.61 m/h， the monthly efficiency per rig reached 422.42 m/rig-month， the core recovery rate of the whole hole was as high as 94.92%， the error between the drilled hole angle and the designed value was only 0.1%， and the azimuth of the hole fluctuated within ±1° of the designed value. Field application indicates that the key technology of long-distance horizontal wire-line coring directional drilling proposed in this study has good application value for engineering exploration in the western region and can provide technical support for the exploration and development of complex geological areas.