基于全景成像技术的水平孔电子岩心获取与解译

Acquisition and interpretation of horizontal hole electronic cores based on panoramic imaging technology

摘要:

塔什达坂北锂矿区位于昆仑—阿尔金山脉，矿区地质构造复杂，高寒深切割地区，地形落差大，钻探设备搬迁困难。该矿区矿层产状陡倾，为贯彻落实“绿色勘查”理念，钻探施工主要采用水平和近水平定向孔，减少设备搬迁，保护生态环境。为克服取心钻探过程中因地层破碎、取心不连续、岩心编录时人为差异等原因导致钻取的岩心无法准确获取地层产状、裂隙宽度、软弱夹层等地层信息的问题，采用自主研制的多参数全方位无缆测井系统对水平孔进行钻孔全景成像，攻克了水平孔全景成像地层结构面计算方法，采用无缆存储和钻杆推送的方法，克服了测试仪器在水平深孔中无法下放的问题。在下放过程中获取钻孔孔壁高清、连续、完整、原状的照片，通过图像处理技术形成“电子岩心”，从中可以清晰直观地获取到地层岩性、裂隙、软弱夹层、岩溶和岩层厚度等信息，准确测算出地层结构面参数，实现了精细勘查，提高了钻探施工质量，有效支撑了找矿突破数字化转型。

Abstract:

The Northern Tashidaban Lithium Mining Area is located in the Kunlun-Altyn Mountains. Characterized by complex geological structures， it lies in an alpine region with deeply incised terrain and large topographic relief， making the relocation of drilling equipment extremely difficult. The ore layers in this mining area have steep dips. To implement the concept of “green exploration”， horizontal and near-horizontal directional boreholes are mainly used in drilling operations to reduce equipment relocation and protect the ecological environment. To address the issue that core samples obtained during coring drilling cannot accurately capture formation information （such as formation attitude， fracture width， and weak interlayers） due to factors like fractured formations， discontinuous coring， and human differences in core logging， a self-developed multi-parameter all-directional cableless logging system was adopted for full-hole panoramic imaging of horizontal boreholes. This study overcame technical challenges by developing a calculation method for formation structural planes based on horizontal borehole panoramic imaging. Additionally， a cableless storage and drill pipe pushing method was used to solve the problem that testing instruments cannot be lowered in deep horizontal boreholes. During the lowering process of the logging system， high-definition， continuous， complete， and in-situ photos of the borehole wall were acquired. Through image processing technology， “electronic cores” were generated， from which information such as formation lithology， fractures， weak interlayers， karst features， and rock layer thickness can be clearly and intuitively obtained. This enables accurate measurement and calculation of formation structural plane parameters， realizing detailed exploration， improving the quality of drilling operations， and effectively supporting the digital transformation of mineral exploration breakthroughs.