大口径钻探应急救援技术研究与空气反循环钻进工艺应用

Application of air reverse circulation technology in the rapid completion of large-diameter rescue passages

摘要:

随着矿山开采向深部推进，突发灾害导致的人员被困问题对快速救援技术提出了迫切需求。单纯依靠井下清理井筒、巷道进而搜救人员的传统方式已无法满足应急救援需要，通过钻探快速构建救援通道能够有效减少人员伤亡，这种地面快速钻探救援已成为矿山事故处置中的重要手段。大口径钻探作为构建救援通道的核心手段，其高效的施工工艺是当前研究的关键。本文系统分析了大口径钻探的技术背景、国内外现状及试验方案，重点探讨了空气反循环钻进工艺在复杂地层中的应用效果，通过试验数据对比和工艺优化，总结了不同地质条件下的钻进规律，为提升矿山应急救援效率提供了理论与实践支撑。

Abstract:

With the advancement of mining operations into deeper regions， there is an urgent demand for rapid rescue technologies to address the problem of personnel entrapment caused by sudden disasters. The traditional method of relying solely on clearing shafts and roadways underground to search for and rescue trapped personnel can no longer meet the needs of emergency rescue. Rapidly constructing rescue channels through drilling can effectively reduce casualties， and this surface-based rapid drilling rescue has become an important means in dealing with mine accidents. As the core method for building rescue channels， large-diameter drilling and its efficient construction techniques are the focus of current research. This paper systematically analyzes the technical background， domestic and international status quo， and experimental plans of large-diameter drilling， with emphasis on the application effectiveness of air reverse circulation drilling technology in complex strata. Through comparison of experimental data and process optimization， it summarizes the drilling rules under different geological conditions， providing both theoretical and practical support for enhancing the efficiency of mine emergency rescue.