废弃无固相钻井液无害化处理技术研究与应用

Research and application of harmless treatment technology for waste non-solid phase drilling fluid

摘要:

钻探工程所产生的废弃钻井液会给生态环境造成一系列影响，在新一轮找矿突破战略行动中要求全面实施绿色勘查，对废弃钻井液的处理技术提出了更为严格的要求。本文通过现场调研与室内实验结合，对山东招远滕家金矿现场的废弃钻井液进行污染特性分析，开展室内实验，对废弃钻井液进行无害化处理技术研究，优选破胶剂GPJ-1、絮凝剂GXN-1、脱色剂GAC，通过破胶、絮凝、吸附脱色处理，再经过离心机或压滤机进行固液分离，对固相进行固化处理。实验结果表明，废弃钻井液经过处理后的污染指标大幅度下降，达到污水综合排放二级标准，采用配方“2%破胶剂GPJ-1+0.5%絮凝剂GXN-1+1%脱色剂GAC”，在广东韶关诸广项目钻探现场对废弃无固相钻井液进行了无害化处理，证实无害化处理技术的可行性。

关键词:废弃钻井液;无害化处理;破胶;絮凝;固液分离;绿色勘查

Abstract:

The waste drilling fluid generated by drilling engineering can cause a series of impacts on the ecological environment， and it is required the comprehensive implementation of green exploration in the new round of strategic actions for mineral exploration breakthroughs， stricter requirements on the treatment technology of waste drilling fluid is posed. This article combines field research and laboratory experiments to analyze the pollution characteristics of the waste drilling fluid used at the Tengjia Gold Mine in Zhaoyuan， Shandong. Laboratory experiments are conducted to study the harmless treatment technologies for waste drilling fluid. The preferred agents of GPJ-1 （a gel breaker）， GXN-1 （a flocculant）， and GAC （a decolorizer） are optimized and processing by gel breaking， flocculation， adsorption， and decolorization treatment， followed by solid-liquid separation using centrifuges or filter presses， the solid phase is then treated with solidification. The experimental results show that after treatment， the pollution indicators of the waste drilling fluid have significantly decreased， meeting the secondary standards for comprehensive sewage discharge. The formulation “2% GPJ-1+0.5% GXN-1+1% GAC” was used to harmlessly treat the waste non-solid phase drilling fluid on the drilling site of Zhuguang project in Shaoguan， Guangdong， confirming the feasibility of harmless treatment technology.

Key words:waste drilling fluid;harmless treatment;gel breaking;flocculation;solid-liquid separation;green exploration