泥浆护壁技术在盐渍土和粗粒土层钻孔施工中的应用现状及展望

Application status and prospect of drilling fluid wall protection technology in drilling construction of saline soil and coarse-grained soil layer

摘要:

泥浆护壁技术是钻探工程中确保孔壁稳定、防止坍塌的关键技术之一。在盐渍土和粗粒土等特殊土层的钻孔施工中，传统泥浆护壁技术面临着诸多挑战。盐渍土因其高盐分和膨胀性，容易导致泥浆失效，造成孔壁不稳定；粗粒土则由于其高渗透性和低粘附性，使泥浆容易流失，无法有效支撑孔壁。本文综述了泥浆护壁技术在盐渍土和粗粒土钻孔施工中的应用现状，分析了当前技术面临的主要难题，特别是对于泥浆类型的选择与配制、新型泥浆材料的研究，以及如何解决不同土层特性下泥浆的稳定性和护壁效果等问题，进行了深入探讨。文章还重点介绍了高盐耐受泥浆、复合型泥浆和环保型泥浆的研究进展，提出了未来泥浆材料研发的方向。本文为泥浆护壁技术在特殊土层中的优化应用提供了参考。

Abstract:

Drilling fluid wall protection technology is one of the key technologies to ensure the stability of borehole wall and anti-sloughing in drilling engineering. In drilling operations of saline soils and coarse-grained soils， there are significant challenges in traditional drilling fluid wall protection technologies. Drilling fluid is easy to be failure and instable due to the high salt content and expansiveness of saline soils， and rapid mud loss and poor support for the borehole walls due to the high permeability and low adhesiveness of coarse-grained soils. In this paper， the current status of drilling fluid wall protection technology for saline and coarse-grained soils are reviewed， the main challenges faced by these technologies are analyzed， especially the selection of drilling fluid types and the formulation， the development of new drilling fluid materials， and solutions for enhancing drilling fluid stability and wall protection performance in various soils. Moreover， the recent advances in the development of high-salt-tolerant drilling fluid， compound drilling fluid， and eco-friendly drilling fluid are also emphasized， and the future direction of the material develepment is posed， which provides a reference for the optimal application of drilling fluid wall protection technology in special soil layers.