哈尔滨地面沉降监测深孔钻探钻井液性能优化研究

Performance optimization of drilling fluid for deep borehole drilling in the Harbin ground subsidence monitoring

摘要:

在地面沉降监测网的建设中，深孔钻探技术作为关键手段，可采集深层地质数据以支持地面沉降监测。然而，由于哈尔滨市特有的地质条件，钻探过程中孔壁易于缩径和坍塌，影响钻探的效率与数据精度，而这一问题与钻井液的性能密切相关。本研究针对哈尔滨地区的特殊地质条件，设计并优化了钻井液配方，最终确定了含羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酰胺、钾离子和硅酸钠的改良配方。实验结果表明，该配方在流变性、失水性、护壁性和抗塌陷性等方面表现优异。现场应用证明，该钻井液显著提升了孔壁稳定性和钻探效率，孔壁坍塌率降低至5%以下，钻进速度提高15%~20%，为哈尔滨市地面沉降监测网的高效建设提供了技术支持，并为类似地质条件的深孔钻探工程提供了参考。

Abstract:

In the construction of ground subsidence monitoring networks， deep hole drilling is a key method for obtaining geological data. However， in Harbin’s unique geological conditions， borehole walls are prone to narrowing and collapse， affecting efficiency and data accuracy-issues closely related to drilling fluid performance. This study designed and optimized a drilling fluid formula containing sodium carboxymethyl cellulose， polyacrylamide， potassium ions， and sodium silicate. Tests showed excellent rheology， low fluid loss， and effective wellbore stabilization and collapse resistance. Field applications confirmed improved borehole stability and drilling efficiency， with the collapse rate below 5% and drilling speed increased by 15%~20%， supporting the efficient construction of the network and offering a reference for similar projects.