基于专家知识和参数阈值的钻探孔内事故判别准则研究

Research on the criterion of hole accident about core drilling based on expert knowledge and parameter thresholds

摘要:

在找矿突破战略行动中，钻探深度不断加大，智能化工况识别已成为钻探安全、高效、低成本钻进的必要措施。其步骤包括信号采集、特征提取、状态识别及诊断决策等。其中建立准确可靠的孔内事故判别准则是状态识别和诊断决策的难点和核心。本文首先基于孔内事故相关理论知识和工程实践经验，对钻探孔内埋钻、卡钻、烧钻、断钻、孔漏、孔溢6种事故类型作了细致划分，归纳总结了它们的发生征兆；对实时钻探信号参数特征及变化趋势表达方式进行了详细分析；在此基础上提出通过泵压、钻速、扭矩、转速、悬重、出口流量6个特征参数的相对均值、标准差、均值斜率、标准差斜率及它们的阈值来表征各参数的变化情况；最后采用矩阵的形式建立了事故判别准则。该判别准则具有较强的理论和实践基础，在实际使用时能够划分详细的钻探事故类别，可以为后续软件开发提供理论依据。

Abstract:

In the strategic action of ore prospecting breakthrough， the drilling depth is constantly increasing， and intelligent working condition recognition has become a necessary measure for safe， efficient and low-cost drilling. Its steps include signal acquisition， feature extraction， state recognition and diagnosis decision， among which the establishment of accurate and reliable in-hole accident discrimination criterion is the difficulty and core of state recognition and diagnosis decision. Firstly， based on the theoretical knowledge and engineering practice experience of in-hole accidents， this paper divides the six types of accidents in drilling holes into buried drilling， stuck drilling， burned drilling， broken drilling， hole leakage and hole overflow， and summarizes their occurrence symptoms. The characteristics and change trend expression of real-time drilling signal parameters are analyzed in detail. On this basis， the relative mean， standard deviation， mean slope， standard deviation slope and their thresholds of six characteristic parameters， including pump pressure， drilling speed， torque， rotation speed， overhead weight and outlet flow， are proposed to characterize the change of each parameter. Finally， the accident discrimination criterion is established in the form of matrix. The discrimination criterion has strong theoretical and practical basis， and can divide the detailed drilling accident categories in actual use， which can provide a discrimination basis for subsequent software development.