基于截齿切削试验的旋挖钻具布齿规律研究

Research on the Pick Arrangement Pattern of Rotary Drilling Buckets Based on Pick Cutting Test

摘要:

旋挖钻机施工过程中，岩石钻进效率与筒钻布齿方式密切相关。采用截齿切削试验系统，对筒钻关键布齿参数进行研究。采集试验过程的三向荷载、破碎体积、变形位移、破碎形态等数据。从破碎比功、切削阻力、荷载波动及截齿自旋等多个维度，应用控制变量法进行截齿切削试验，定量评价切削角、齿偏角、切削顺序、齿尖高度差和齿尖轨迹间距等参数对岩石切削的影响。研究表明：存在与地层性质匹配的最优布齿参数组合，以钻进花岗岩地层为例确定了最优布齿参数范围，分别为：切削角68~72°，齿偏角5~15°、跳跃式切削、齿尖高度差3 mm左右、齿尖轨迹间距30 mm左右。根据试验结果进行了筒钻设计和工程验证，钻进效率比普通筒钻提升13.64%，单位进尺成本降低39.13%。研究成果对指导截齿筒钻布置、降低钻齿损耗、提高岩层钻进效率具有重要意义。

Abstract:

During the construction of rotary drilling rig, the efficiency of rock drilling is closely related to the pick arrangement of core barrel. The key pick arrangement parameters of core barrels are studied by using pick cutting test system. Three-dimensional load, crushing volume, deformation displacement, broken morphology and other data were collected during the test process. From multiple dimensions such as crushing specific power, cutting resistance, load fluctuation, and pick spin, the controlled variable method is applied to conduct pick cutting experiments, quantitatively evaluating the effects of cutting angle, tooth deviation angle, cutting sequence, tooth tip height difference, and tooth tip trajectory spacing on rock cutting. Research has shown that there is an optimal combination of tooth arrangement parameters that match the geological properties. Taking drilling into granite formations as an example, the optimal range of tooth arrangement parameters was determined, which are: cutting angle 68-72 °, tooth deviation angle 5-15 °, skip cutting, tooth tip height difference of about 3 mm, and tooth tip trajectory spacing of about 30 mm. According to the test results, the drilling efficiency is increased by 13.64% and the cost of unit footage is reduced by 39.13%. The research results are of great significance for guiding the arrangement of the core barrels, reducing the gear loss and improving the drilling efficiency.