FAST保护区地质灾害发育特征及形成机理与防治建议

Characteristics of the development， formation mechanism and prevention suggestions of the geological disasters in FAST protected areas

摘要:

FAST（中国天眼）保护区内地质灾害发育，目前共有在册地质灾害132处，属地质灾害高易发区域，区内地质灾害隐患已对FAST工程的安全运行构成威胁。本文以FAST保护区现有地质灾害为研究对象，采用实地调查、资料收集、数理统计等方法，对保护区内地质灾害的发育特征进行分析，建立地质灾害关联模型，研究区内地质灾害孕灾条件及影响因素之间的耦合关系，并对区内地质灾害成因机理进行分析研究，提出了防治措施及监测预警建议。FAST保护区滑坡地质灾害主要有“牵引式”、“推移式”两种破坏力学模式，其中小型滑坡多呈“牵引式”破坏，中型、大型滑坡多呈“推移式”破坏；区内崩塌危岩体的主要破坏模式有“倾倒式”、“坠落式”、“滑移式”。区内地质灾害主要诱发因素是强降雨和人类工程活动，因此，强降雨前后应做好地质灾害巡查防控，区内开展岩土工程活动前需做好科学评估和规划，避免人为引发地质灾害。

关键词:FAST保护区;地质灾害;发育特征;影响因素;形成机理;防治措施;监测预警

Abstract:

Geological disasters are development in the FAST （Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope） protected area which is geological disasters prone area where 132 registered geological disasters exist. Hidden hazards of geological disasters in this area have posed threats to the safe operation of the FAST project. In this paper， the existing geological disasters in the FAST protected area are taken as the research objects， methods of field investigation， data collection and mathematical statistics are adopted to analyze the development characteristics of geological disasters in the protected area. The correlation model of geological disasters is established to study the coupling relationship between the disaster-breeding conditions and influencing factors of geological disasters， the formation mechanism is analyzed and studied，and the prevention and control measures and monitoring suggestions are also put forward. As a result， the landslide in FAST protected area are mainly divided into two mechanical failure modes， namely， “traction type” and “push type”. Small landslides are mostly “traction type”， and medium and large landslides are mostly “push type”. The main failure modes of dangerous rock mass in the area are “toppling”， “falling” and “sliding”. Heavy rainfall and human engineering activities are the main inducing factors of geological disasters in the area. therefore， geological disaster inspection and prevention should be carried out before and after heavy rainfall. Scientific assessment and planning should be made before carrying out geotechnical engineering activities to avoid man-made geological disasters.

Key words:FAST protected area;geological disaster;developmental characteristics;influencing factors;formation mechanism;prevention and control measures;monitoring and early warning