坑道定向钻进系统在隧洞水平勘探工程中的适应性分析

Adaptability analysis of tunnel directional drilling system in tunnel horizontal exploration engineering

摘要:

随着城市地铁隧洞、铁路隧道等工程建设的推进，水平孔定向地质勘探法已成为一种新的勘探手段，相较于传统的竖向孔施工，其能回避复杂的施工环境，节省大量钻探工作量，技术经济优势明显。坑道定向钻进系统用于地表或隧洞勘察具有传统优势，但以取心为主的水平勘探要求更高，坑道定向钻进技术在取心工艺适应性和钻机功能模块等方面需要针对性地改进升级。围绕水平定向勘察的技术特点，对比分析了典型坑道定向钻进系统在钻杆体系、水平勘察钻机、钻具组合与取心工具、定向钻进仪器和钻探信息化等方面的适应性，总结了构建隧洞水平勘探工程技术体系必须依托的技术集成。针对高效取心作业和可变轨钻探作业的要求，明确了水平勘探钻机大扭矩强给进能力、多工艺适应能力、高效钻进能力、高效起下钻能力、取心能力和动力头结构的改造方向。分析了在轨迹变化频繁的定向孔中应用绳索取心钻具的不足和限制，并探索了钻探信息化进程中的信息参数类别和传输路径。

Abstract:

With the advancement of engineering construction such as urban subway tunnels and railway tunnels， the horizontal directional geological exploration method has become a new exploration method. Compared to traditional vertical hole construction， it can avoid complex construction environments， save a lot of drilling workload， and have obvious technical and economic advantages. The tunnel directional drilling system has traditional advantages for surface or tunnel exploration， but the horizontal exploration mainly based on coring has higher requirements. The tunnel directional drilling technology needs targeted improvement and upgrading in aspects such as coring process adaptability and drill function module. Focusing on the technical characteristics of horizontal directional exploration， this paper compares and analyzes the adaptability of typical tunnel directional drilling systems in aspects of drill pipe system， horizontal exploration rig， drill assembly and coring tool， directional drilling instrument and drilling informatization， and summarizes the technical integration that must be relied on to build the tunnel horizontal exploration engineering technical system. In response to the requirements for efficient coring operations and variable track drilling operations， the direction for the transformation of the horizontal exploration drilling rig’s high torque and strong feeding capacity， multi process adaptability， efficient drilling capacity， efficient tripping capacity， coring capacity， and power head structure has been clarified. Analyzed the shortcomings and limitations of using rope core drilling tools in directional holes with frequent trajectory changes， and explored the types of information parameters and transmission paths in the process of drilling informatization.