美国极地钻探科学目标分析与钻探技术进展

Science goals analysis and technological progress of U.S. ice drilling

摘要:

极地钻探是获取极地冰层或冰下环境样品和在极地冰层或冰下布放科学观测仪器的最直接方法，是开展极地科学研究的必要技术手段。美国是开展极地钻探较早的国家之一，也是极地钻探强国。相比美国，我国极地钻探技术尚处于起步阶段。本文以《美国冰钻委员会长期科学规划2021-2031》为基础，结合其官方网站和相关文献资料，梳理了美国极地钻探科学目标和极地钻探技术现状，并简要介绍了过去10年美国极地钻探的现场工作情况及其在未来3年的工作计划，以期为我国极地钻探发展提供参考。

Abstract:

Polar drilling is the most direct method to obtain samples of the polar ice layer or subglacial environment and install scientific observation instruments in ice layer or subglacial environment， and it is a necessary technical method to carry out polar scientific research. The United States is one of the earliest countries that started polar drilling and is also a powerful country in polar drilling technology. Compared with the United States， China’s polar drilling technology is still in its infancy. Based on the Ice Drilling Program long term science plan of America for 2021-2031， and with reference to its official website and related literatures， this article sorts out the scientific goals of polar drilling and the current state of polar drilling technology of the United States， and briefly introduces the polar fieldwork in the past ten years and upcoming fieldwork in the next three years， which are expected to provide some reference for the development of China’s polar drilling.