南极东方站深冰层及冰下湖钻探技术

Drilling technology for deep ice and the subglacial lake at Vostok Station， Antarctica

摘要:

自1970年至今，前苏联和俄罗斯在南极东方站持续进行了近50年的冰层钻探活动，先后攻克了包含粒雪层、冰层、冰岩夹层和湖水冻结冰的复杂冰层钻进难题，逐渐形成了一套集热融取芯钻探、电动机械取芯钻探和分支孔钻探等为一体的深冰芯钻探技术。创造了冰层最深干孔钻进深度记录（952.4 m）、最深热融取芯钻进记录（2755 m）、最深冰芯钻探记录（3769.3 m），累计进尺达13000 m，并获取了总长超46 m的含湖水冻结冰样品的冰芯。东方站的钻探活动对极地冰层钻探技术的发展起到了巨大的推动和引领作用，同时积累了宝贵的深冰钻探经验。通过对东方站深冰钻探技术的系统梳理，将为我国正在实施的深冰芯钻探和即将开启的冰下湖科学钻探提供重要的借鉴。

Abstract:

Since 1970， the former Soviet Union and Russia have been drilling for nearly 50 years at Vostok Station in Antarctica. It has overcome the drilling problems with complex ice layers including snow layer， ice layer， debris ice， refrozen lake ice； formed a set of deep ice core drilling technology integrating thermal core drilling， electro-mechanical core drilling and offset hole drilling； and created the dry hole drilling depth record （952.4m）， the thermal drilling depth record （2755m） and the ice core drilling depth record （3769.3m）. The cumulative drilling footage was over 13000m， and the refrozen lake ice core with a total length of more than 46m were obtained. The drilling activities at Vostok Station have played a great role in promoting and leading the development of polar ice drilling technology， and accumulated valuable deep ice core drilling experience. This paper conducts a systematic review of deep ice drilling technology at Vostok Station to provide important reference for China’s ongoing deep ice core drilling and the upcoming subglacial lake exploration.