油页岩地下原位转化与钻采技术现状及发展趋势

The status and development trend of in-situ conversion and drilling exploitation technology for oil shale

摘要:

我国油页岩地质资源量巨大，是潜在的油气资源，也是保证我国能源安全的重要战略资源。油页岩地下原位转化开采是油页岩工业的发展趋势。在系统收集相关资料、数据和调研的基础上，总结了国内外油页岩地下原位转化与钻采技术的发展历程，对反应热加热、传导加热、对流加热和辐射加热4类加热技术和水力压裂、地下爆破、冷冻墙、注浆帷幕和气驱止水5种储层改造技术的主要特点和发展现状做了进一步分析。针对我国油页岩储层的特点，提出了地下原位转化与钻采必须突破和采用的3大关键技术，主要包括：以复合加热、高效井下加热器和催化增效为核心的高效加热技术；以旋转导向钻进、精准测距双井导向为核心的水平井导向钻井技术；以CO₂干法压裂技术、酸化压裂技术和气驱止水为核心的复合储层改造技术。以期为我国油页岩地下原位转化开采技术的研发提供指导和参考。

Abstract:

China has abundant oil shale which is a potential oil and gas resource and important strategic resource to ensure national energy security. In-situ exploitation is the development trend of the oil shale industry. Through a systematic data collection and investigation， the development process of oil shale in-situ exploitation technology is summarized. The main technical characteristics and development status of four kinds of heating technologies， including conduction heating， convection heating， radiation heating and reaction heating technologies， and five kinds of reservoir reconstruction technologies， including hydraulic fracturing， underground blasting， freezing wall， grouting curtain and gas injection barrier underground space sealing technologies， are further analyzed. According to the characteristics of China’s oil shale resources， three key technologies that must be broken through and adopted for the in-situ exploitation of oil shale are proposed. The first is the high-efficiency heating technology with multiple heating， high efficiency downhole heater and catalytic efficiency as the core. The second is the horizontal well steering drilling technology with rotary steering drilling and precise distance measurement guiding for dual well as the keys. And the third is the composite reservoir reconstruction technology with CO₂ dry fracturing， acid fracturing and gas injection barrier underground space sealing technologies. It is hope that this work could provide some reference for the in-situ exploitation technology of oil shale in China.