多参数液动潜孔锤测试平台的研究

Development of the multiparameter hydraulic down-hole hammer test bench

摘要:

液动冲击回转钻进技术现已广泛应用于地质勘探领域，但在石油、地热、煤层气等其他钻井领域应用还较少。原因之一是现有的液动潜孔锤正常工作所需泵量和泵压与输出冲击功和冲击频率难以适应上述钻井领域的要求。针对这一问题，分析了冲击功与冲击力的关系，利用压电石英传感器测定液动潜孔锤的冲击功，并研制了多参数液动潜孔锤测试平台，探索液动潜孔锤结构参数对其输入、输出性能参数的影响，以适应不同领域钻井技术的要求。新研制的液动潜孔锤测试平台由数据采集和处理模块、循环动力模块和机械固定模块3个主要模块组成，实现了在尽可能不破坏液动锤结构的前提下对其输出冲击功、冲击频率及泵量、上下腔压力、背压等多个参数进行实时动态监测，进而开展液动潜孔锤理论研究，进一步提高其研究水平和适用领域。

关键词:地质勘探;液动冲击回转钻进;液动潜孔锤;液动锤测试技术;实验台

Abstract:

Hydraulic percussive-rotary drilling technology has been widely used in the field of geological exploration; however, this technology finds less application in other drilling fields, such as petroleum, geothermal energy, coal bed gas, etc., because the pump volume, pump pressure, output impact work and impact frequency required for normal operation of existing hydraulic down-hole hammers cannot meet the requirements of the above drilling industries. In order to solve this problem, the relationship between impact energy and impact force was analyzed. The piezoelectric quartz sensor was used to measure the impact energy of hydraulic down-hole hammer with the performance test bench of hydraulic down-hole hammer developed to investigate the influence of hammer structural parameters on its input and output performance parameters so as to meet the requirements of drilling technology in different fields. The newly developed performance test bench is composed of three main modules: data acquisition and processing module, circulation power supply module and mechanical fixing module. The test bench can monitor the output impact work, impact frequency, pump volume, upper and lower chamber pressure, back pressure and other parameters without damaging the hydraulic hammer structure; thus, it can carry out further theoretical research of hydraulic down-hole hammers, improving its research level and applicable field.

Key words:geological exploration; hydraulic impact rotary drilling; hydraulic down-hole hammer; hydraulic hammer testing technique; test bench