探秘“能源新星”——干热岩

Probe a new energy-hot dry rock

摘要:

干热岩是近些年逐渐发展起来的清洁能源，指埋藏于地球表面3000 m以深，不含或含少量水或蒸汽等流体，温度在180 ℃以上且渗透率极低的岩体。对干热岩的应用主要是建立增强型地热系统进行发电。目前对干热岩的研究尚处于起步阶段,干热岩的热源、热储、形成机理、埋藏机制等都未形成完整的理论体系，干热岩的开发过程也面临诸如储层改造、高温钻探以及随钻监测等一系列的技术“瓶颈”。干热岩资源储量大，开发利用过程低碳环保、节能高效，是国际社会公认的优质清洁能源，但是干热岩研究程度低，开发难度大，需要不断的知识积累和技术积累。本文从科普的角度列举了干热岩的相关研究现状及存在的问题，以期能让更多的人对这一“能源新星”加深了解。

Abstract:

Hot dry rock (HDR) is a kind of clean energy resource emerging in recent years. It is buried in the deep earth (below 3000m), without or with little water or water vapor, and the temperature is over 180℃ with very low permeability. Unlike conventional hydrothermal systems, the utilization of HDR needs to build Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS), where the fluid circulation must be stimulated artificially. At present, the study on HDR is in the early stage, and the theory on the heat source, the heat reservoir, the formation mechanism, the burial mechanism etc. is not complete. The development of HDR also faces a lot of problems such as reservoir stimulation, high temperature drilling technology, monitoring while drilling. In the world, there is a very large reserve of HDR, and it is recognized as a high-quality clean energy by the international society; However, little research has been done on HDR, and the high development difficulties need continuous accumulation of knowledge and technology. From the perspective of scientific popularization, this paper lists the current research status and problems about HDR so as to make HDR more popular.