地质钻探工程的发展历程与展望——回顾探矿工程事业70年

The development and outlook of geological drilling engineering—To review the 70th anniversary of exploration engineering

摘要:

地质钻探工程是区域地质调查、固体矿产勘查、能源矿产勘查、水文与工程地质勘查、地球与地外行星科学研究、城乡基础设施建设等领域重要的技术方法,是获取地下地质矿产等实物资料的唯一手段。伴随着新中国的建立和发展壮大,我国的探矿工程事业从无到有,从小到大,从弱到强。70年来,通过几代探矿人的坚持不懈和努力奋斗,目前我国地质钻探技术水平基本与世界同步,在许多方面达到世界先进水平,有些钻探技术、装备已处于世界领先地位。从整个地质行业乃至整个国家工业发展的维度上总结我国探矿工程70年的发展历程,大致划分为4个阶段：新中国成立初期探矿工程创建起步阶段(20世纪50—60年代)；探矿工程技术稳步快速发展阶段(20世纪70~80年代)；探矿工程扩大服务领域阶段(大致为20世纪最后15年)；钻探工程技术全面、深入发展,逐步进入世界一流的阶段(21世纪以来)。分别对这4个阶段所发生的重大事件以及取得的主要技术成果进行了回顾和总结,阐明了70年来探矿工程为国家经济建设和我国至今成为世界上唯一制造业体系最完整的国家做出的重要贡献。

Abstract:

With the establishment and development of New China, China’s exploration engineering has grown from nothing, from small to large, from weak to strong. Through the persistence and hard work of several generations of prospectors, the geological drilling technological level in China has basically kept pace with the world, reaching the world advanced level in many aspects in the past 70 years. And some drilling technology and equipment are in the leading position in the world. During the celebration of the 70th anniversary of New China founding, the development of exploration engineering in China is summarized from the perspective of the whole geological industry and even the whole national industrial development in the past 70 years, which can be roughly divided into fourperiods: The initial period of the exploration engineering in the early founding days of New China (1950s to 1960s); The steady and rapid development period of exploration engineering (1970s to 1980s); Expanding service area period of exploration engineering (roughly the last 15 years of the 20th century); Comprehensive and in-depth development period of exploration engineering, gradually entering the world-class stage (since the 21st century). The paper review and summarize the major events and main technical achievements in these four stages respectively, and illuminate the important contributions made by exploration engineering to national economic construction and China’s being the unique country with the most complete manufacturing system in the world up to now. Looking forward to developing prospects of drilling engineering in deep earth detection, ocean drilling, polar drilling, exploration of hydrate and dry hot rock new energy, environment engineering etc, as well as drilling intellectualization, etc.