新型涡轮扭力冲击器的试验研究

Experiment on a new turbine torsional impactor

摘要:

PDC钻头广泛应用于深部硬岩钻井中，在其钻进过程中经常出现粘滑振动现象，导致钻进效率低、钻头寿命较短，针对这一难题，研制了一种新型涡轮扭力冲击器，不仅能够通过扭转冲击技术来减轻PDC钻头的粘滑振动现象，还能够适应深孔的高温钻井环境。为了充分利用泥浆的能量，考虑使用涡轮组作为动力源，然后通过万向节和减速器进行扭矩传递，最终通过冲击组件旋转实现扭转冲击。根据这一设计思路，进行了扭力冲击器的结构设计、样机试制、测试平台搭建及性能测试等工作。测试表明，新型涡轮扭力冲击器的设计方案是可行的，其冲击频率为4～5 Hz，经过计算可得单次冲击扭力为651.45～814.28 N·m，实现了初期的设计目标。

关键词:深部钻井;扭转冲击;PDC钻头;粘滑振动;涡轮

Abstract:

At present PDC drill bits are widely used for deep hole drilling in hard rock, where the phenomenon of stick-slip vibration often happens in the drilling process, causing low drilling efficiency and short bit life-span. In order to solve this problem, a new torsional impactor has been developed, which can not only mitigate stick-slip vibration of the PDC bit by torsional impact, but also cater to high temperature deep hole drilling environment. The turbine set is designed as the power supply for making full use of mud energy with the universal joint and the reducer used for torque transmission; then torsional impact is achieved by rotating of the impact components. According to this design concept, structural design, prototype trial-manufacture, test platform construction and performance test of the torsional impactor have been carried out. The test results show that the design of the torsion impactor is feasible. It provides impact frequency of 4 to 5Hz with the calculated torque per impact at 651.45 to 814.28N ·m, achieving the initial design goals.

Key words:deep drilling; torsional impact; PDC bit; stick-slip vibration; turbine