油基钻屑现场热解析处理技术现状及展望

Present situation and prospect of thermal desorptiontechnology for oil-based drill cuttings

摘要:

深部石油勘探和页岩气、致密气等非常规油气开发过程中会产生大量的油基钻屑，热解析技术被认为是最有效的油基钻屑环保处理技术，也是实现油基钻屑废弃物资源化利用的有效途径。本文重点介绍油基钻屑现场热解析处理典型的先进技术、装置与应用情况；针对油基钻屑成分和组分性质复杂多变、热解化学反应过程复杂，热解析设备能耗高、热解温度不确定、进料物性不稳定、不均匀性等问题，建议开展油基钻屑复杂体系在移动床中动态连续热解的动力学及机理分析，建立动力学模型，明确不同组分油基钻屑的最优热解析工艺参数；建立技术经济效益、环境效益及可持续发展等评价体系和准则，为不同体系油基钻屑的高效低耗安全环保热解析现场随钻处理提供科学可靠依据和理论支撑。

Abstract:

A large amount of oil-based drilling cuttings is produced during deep oil exploration and unconventional oil and gas development, such as shale gas and tight gas. Thermal desorption technology is considered as the most effective technology for environmental protection treatment of waste oil-based drilling cuttings, and also an effective way to realize the resource utilization of oil-based drilling cuttings. This paper mainly introduces the typically advanced technology, equipment and application of thermal desorption of oil-based drill cuttings. In view of the complex and variable nature and composition of oil-based drilling cuttings, the complex pyrolysis chemical reaction process, the high energy consumption of thermal desorption equipment, the uncertain pyrolysis temperature, unstable and inhomogeneous feeding material, it is suggested to carry out investigation of continuous desorption dynamics and mechanism of the complex oil-based drilling cuttings system in the moving bed, establish the dynamic model, and define the optimal thermal desorption parameters for different components of oil-based drilling cuttings; meanwhile, establish the evaluation system and criteria of technical and economic benefits, environmental benefits and sustainable development, providing scientific and reliable basis and theoretical support for high efficiency, low consumption, safety and environmental protection thermal desorption of oil-based drilling cuttings in different systems.