超深上仰孔卸压爆破集中煤柱工艺技术研究

Pressure relief blasting of concentrated coal pillars with super long upward holes

摘要:

为了防治浅埋近距离煤层群开采时下组煤采出上覆集中倾向煤柱易发生的动力压架灾害，在分析超深孔卸压松动爆破防灾原理基础上，提出了一种超深上仰孔卸压爆破集中煤柱技术，通过理论分析、地面传爆试验及井下工业性试验，解决完善了该技术的3大工艺技术难题：一是利用自主研发的装药装置，解决了超深(最深达110 m)上仰孔(仰角30°)安全快速安装炸药难题；二是根据钻孔爆破裂隙圈半径及煤柱塑性区宽度理论计算结果找到了最佳炮孔布设间距；三是利用地面传爆试验和C-S双液浆凝胶特性试验解决了超长装药段(最长达16 m)炸药安全传爆及炮孔堵塞难题，优化了起爆方法，消除了管道效应，核算了爆破振动安全允许距离，实现了安全、高效封孔。该工艺技术的成功应用表明其具有工程借鉴及推广应用意义。

Abstract:

In order to prevent the support crushing disaster, a technique is presented for pressure relieve blasting of concentrated coal pillars with the super long upward hole through analysis of the theory of disaster prevention by pressure relief and loosening blasting with super long upward holes. Three technical difficulties have been solved through field practices and some experiments. First, an explosive charging device was developed by ourselves for quick explosive charging even to 110m hole depth with the angle to 30°. Second, the optimal spacing of blasting holes was found through theoretical calculation. Third, the explosive safety detonation and elimination of plugging of the super long upward hole was achieved through the explosive test and the cement-silicate grouting’s setting properties test. Successful field blasting practices proved the technique can provide engineering reference and be promoted.