地质勘探用金刚石钻头减振能力的分析研究

Analytical Research on Vibration Damping Capacity of Diamond Drill Bit Used in Geological Exploration

摘要:

地质钻探中，钻头在轴载和扭矩作用下产生振动，钻头中产生正应力、剪切应力和位移，对钻进产生负面影响。如果形成共振，则对钻具和钻进过程产生破坏性影响。使用减振能力强的钻头胎体材料是减小钻头振动的有效方法之一。俄罗斯图拉地质勘探科学研究所对不同材料的减振能力进行了研究，认为线性尺寸为0.4 mm的BK6M材料的减振能力比试验的其他材料好。使用粉料颗粒线性尺寸比为1.15～1.25，颗粒面积比为40∶1～48∶1的WC粉料和大颗粒莱立特硬合金粉料制成的钻头，在乌拉尔地区ГП-УС-30地质勘探队进行了生产试验，取得了很好的技术经济效果，钻头寿命提高了50%，金刚石单位消耗量降低了80%～90%。

Abstract:

In geological exploration, the drill bit generates vibration under the actions of axial pressure and rotary torque, normal stress, tangential stress and displacement, which have negative influences on drilling. If resonance is formed, it will bring destructive effect and obstruction on the drilling tools and drilling process. Using bit matrix material with high vibration damping capacity is one of the effective methods to reduce the bit vibration. Scientists of Tula Scientific Research Institute of Geological Exploration in Russia have studied the vibration damping capacity of different materials and considered that the vibration damping capacity of material BK6M with linear dimension 0.04mm is better than the other materials that have been tested. In Ural region, production test was carried out by geological exploration team ГП-УС-30 on the bit made of WC powder with linear dimension ratio 1.15～1.25 and area ratio 40∶1～48∶1 and large-particle Relit hard alloy powder, good technical and economical results are obtained, bit service life increased by 50% and specific expense of diamond reduced by 80%～90%.