美国近期陆地油气钻井业逐步回升的态势分析

The Status of Onshore Drilling Rampup in USA

摘要:

自2014年6月国际油价暴跌开始，世界油气市场进入低迷阶段。而当美国二叠纪盆地巨量页岩油藏发现和开发之后，从2016年中期开始，美国陆上油气钻采活动逐渐增加，钻井承包商与钻井公司携钻机蜂拥而至二叠纪盆地和其它油田。这新一轮油气市场可能回复的迹象，进一步促进了钻井设备的更新换代，以工厂化作业为标志的新型先进钻机将供不应求，而大多数老旧机械式钻机则面临淘汰。另一方面，由于这二三年油气市场的低谷，许多高级技术人员和熟练操作人员被裁员，人才大量流失，而新型先进钻机也需要具有专门技能的人员操作，于是近期美国许多公司把保留和培养钻采技术人才放在重要位置，制订和实施了许多培训人才的策略和措施。本文对近期美国陆地油气钻井活动的主要特点和态势进行了分析。

Abstract:

The world’s oil and gas market had entered into a downturn period since the free fall of international oil price in June 2014. Then, US onshore drilling industry began to ramp up since a great abundant shale oil was discovered in Permian Basin in Q2 2016. Contractors and operators of all sizes with rig fleet are flocking to Permian Basin and other plays. The upturn of the oil market has been promoting upgrade of drilling rig. Factory drilling mode, Highspec AC and SCR top drive rigs with powerful mud pumps and walking or skid systems, as well as bifuel capabilities have been the most in demand, the majority of older mechanical rigs should be retired. On the other hand, a lot of excellent technicians and skilled workers were cut and lost during the downturn period, so that may companies adopt effective measures to keep experienced employee and train the new drilling crew.