深海底钻机动力头的钻杆自行抛弃和冲击卸扣机构

Drill Pipe Self-desertion and Impact Break-out Mechanism for Power Head of Deep Undersea Drilling Rig

摘要:

文章介绍了深海岩心取样钻机的主要部件动力头的结构及特点。根据深海钻进的特殊情况，专门在动力头上设计了钻杆自行抛弃机构和冲击卸扣机构。这两种机构可在发生卡钻事故钻机无法回收已经深入孔内的钻杆串时，可将其自行抛弃，或由于动力头扭矩液压马达出现故障不能拧卸钻杆时，冲击卸扣机构将对钻杆丝扣进行冲击使其松动而卸扣。文章重点介绍了钻杆自行抛弃机构和冲击卸扣机构的结构及工作原理。

Abstract:

This paper introduces the structure and characteristics of the power head, a major component of deep sea core sampler. According to the special conditions of deep sea drilling, a self-desertion mechanism and impact break-out mechanism are specially designed on the power head to abandon the sticking drill pipes in hole when they can not be withdrawn or to loose the drill pipe threads by compact when the power head torque hydraulic motor fails to unscrew drill pipe. This paper emphatically introduces the structures and working principles of drill pipe self-desertion mechanism and impact break-out mechanism.