地质钻探孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类梳理分析

Classification and Analysis on Complex Cases and Accidents in Geological Drilling Holes

摘要:

近年来地质钻探孔内事故数量呈下降态势，但由于技术经济条件变化、地质钻探应用领域和范围扩大，钻孔深度增加，孔内复杂情况增多，一旦发生孔内事故，处理难度变大。应尽快对地质钻探孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类进行梳理，制定地质钻探孔内事故预防和处理技术规程，推动孔内事故预防处理技术发展和规范化管理。地质钻探孔内复杂情况种类主要有钻孔漏失/涌水、钻孔弯曲、孔内温度异常、钻孔缩径/扩径、钻孔坍塌/阻滞、孔内沉渣、孔内异物和其他孔内异常等；地质钻探孔内事故种类主要有钻具事故、卡钻事故、埋钻事故、烧钻事故、套管事故、测井事故、取心事故和其他事故等。地质钻探与石油天然气钻井有着较大的工艺差异，孔内复杂情况和孔内事故种类亦与石油天然气钻井有所不同，不能完全照搬其种类划分，但应借鉴学习石油天然气钻井行业的井下事故预防处理先进技术和管理理念。

Abstract:

In recent years, the number of geological drilling hole accidents has declined. However, due to the changes in technical and economic conditions, the geological drilling applications and scope have expanded with the increasing of drilling depth and the complicated downhole situation. Once downhole accident occurs, the construction becomes even harder.〖JP〗 It is necessary to sort out the complex cases and the types of accident in drilling hole as soon as possible and establish the technical rules for the downhole accidents prevention and treatment to promote the development and standardization management of the downhole accident prevention and treatment. There are many kinds of complicated case in the geological drilling hole, such as drilling leakage/water gushing, borehole bending, borehole temperature anomaly, borehole diameter reduction/expansion, hole collapse/blockage, hole sedimentation, foreign matter in hole and other abnormal situations in hole. The types of accidents in geological drilling holes mainly include drilling tool accidents, stuck drilling pipe accidents, burial drilling accidents, bit burnt accidents, casing accidents, logging accidents, coring accidents and other accidents. There are great technological differences between geological drilling and oil and gas drilling, the complex cases in holes and accident types are also different, for geological drilling, the types of accident in oil and gas drilling can not be applied mechanically, but the advanced technology and management ideas of downhole accidents prevention and treatment in oil and gas drilling industry should be learned.