难钻进地层金刚石钻头的现状和发展趋势

Present Situation of Diamond Bit Used in Difficult Drilling Formations and the Development Trend

摘要:

近年来，针对坚硬致密地层、坚硬强研磨性地层以及坚硬致密泥岩地层这3类地质勘探的难钻进地层，开展了金刚石钻头相关的研究与攻关，取得了重大进步。针对坚硬致密地层，通过在胎体中添加稀土和自锐材料、低压钻头结构设计，在可钻性小于11级的坚硬致密“打滑”地层中，钻进速度可达1.5～2.0 m/h，钻头寿命达30～300 m；针对坚硬研磨性地层，通过超高金刚石工作层和优化的水力结构设计，超细预合金化粉末以及超耐磨胎体性能，使机械钻速同比提高20%～70%，钻头寿命同比提高1.4～10倍；针对坚硬致密泥岩地层，对尖齿复合片和巴拉斯钻头进行了深入的研究，钻进效率提高了50%左右。在油气田深井硬岩钻探领域，NR826系列金刚石孕镶钻头配合螺杆钻具同比牙轮钻头，机械钻速提高18%～85%，钻头寿命提高5～8倍。此外，我国在海洋深水钻探复合片钻头方面的研究也取得了长足的进步。

Abstract:

Great progress has been made in the research and efforts on diamond bits used in hard and compact, strong abrasive and mudstone formations. In hard and compact formation, by adding rare earth and selfsharpening materials in bit matrix and with low pressure bit structure design, the drilling speed can be up to 1.5-2.0m/h in hard and compact slipping formation with drillability less than grade 11 and the bit service life reaches 30-300m; in hard and abrasive formation, with the ultra high diamond working layer and optimized hydraulic structure design, ultrafine prealloyed powder and ultra wearresistant matrix performance, the POP and bit service life are increased by 20%-70% and 1.4-10 times respectively; in hard and compact mudstone formation, by the study on sharpteeth PDC bit and Baras bit, the drilling efficiency is increased by about 50%. For deep hard rock drilling in oil and gas field, compared with cone bit, NR826 series of impregnated diamond bit is used with screw drill, the ROP and bit service life are increased by 18%-85% and 5-8 times respectively. In addition, good progress has also been made in the research on PDC bit for offshore deep drilling in China.