月球钻孔取心机具研制与试验

Development of Lunar Coring Tools and the Experiment

摘要:

对月壤形成过程和物质组成进行了介绍，并将实际月壤基本物理力学指标与CUG-1型模拟月壤和普通干砂进行对比，认为在月球钻探取样过程中可能遇到具有一定胶结强度的硬质团块。我国探月工程三期的核心任务是实现月球钻探取样和返回，并明确要采用钻孔取样方式来获取能保持原始层理结构的较深层月壤样品。月表处于无水、高真空、微重力、日夜温差悬殊的极端环境，因此月球钻探取样采用的钻孔取心机具应结构简单，以减少钻进故障几率和拓宽对所钻月壤层的适应性。针对模拟月壤，分别对传统钻孔取心钻具、孔内取心钻具、孔外取心钻具、软袋翻转取心钻具、内外管联合（内管、外管）取心钻具进行了试验研究。试验研究结果表明，内外管联合取心钻具能更好地满足我国月球钻探取样返回的要求。

Abstract:

The formation process of lunar regolith and the material composition are introduced, by the comparison of basic physical and mechanical indexes of lunar regolith with stimulated CUG-1 lunar regolith and common dry sand, it is indicated that in the lunar sample drilling process, hard aggregate (briquettes) with certain cementing strength may be encountered. The core task of the third stage lunar exploration project of China is to realize lunar drilling and sampling as well as returning, and obtain lunar regolith samples in deep layer with original bedding structure. Because of the extreme environment of lunar surface, the structure of coring tools should be simple to reduce accident rate with broaden adaptability to regolith layer drilling. With the stimulated lunar regolith, the experimental research is respectively made on traditional borehole drilling, downhole coring tool, lunar surface sampling tool, soft bag overturning coring tool and double-tube (inner and outer tubes) coring tool, it shows the combined coring tool with inner and outer tubes can meet the requirements of China’s lunar sample drilling and returning.