超深井钻井技术研究及工业化应用

Research and Industrial Application of Drilling Technology of Ultra-deep Wells

摘要:

陆上油气勘探开发正向着超深层领域发展，中国石化钻遇的超深井普遍存在着压力系统复杂、地层岩性复杂、储层流体复杂、工程力学复杂等工程地质特征。钻井工程面临着设计优化难、施工风险大、钻井速度慢、工程质量控制难度大等技术问题。在钻井施工中表现为钻井周期长、复杂情况和故障多、工程投资大，甚至有些井难以钻达目的层。2005年以来，中国石化石油工程技术研究院联合石油高校、油田企业组成“产—学—研”攻关团队，以川东北、塔里木盆地超深层油气勘探开发为依托，紧密围绕“优质、安全、高效”攻关目标，强化室内模拟和理论分析，加强以新型工具和新材料为载体的技术攻关，强化技术集成应用，研究形成了多信息综合反演钻井地质环境因素精细描述技术、基于钻井工程风险评价的井身结构优化设计方法、大尺寸井眼气体钻井及流体安全转换技术、高效破岩工具及配套技术、基于常规导向的超深水平井井眼轨迹控制技术、超高温及超高密度钻井液技术、高酸性气田胶乳防气窜水泥浆固井技术等7项技术创新成果，并开展了现场试验及工业化应用，形成了超深井钻井配套技术，使我国超深井钻井技术跨入了世界先进行列。

Abstract:

Offshore oil and gas exploration is advancing to the ultra-deep structure field. For Sinopec, it is very common to encounter the complicated geological characteristics of complex pressure system, ancient sedimentary, HTHP, fluid toxicity and difficulties in engineering mechanics. In terms of drilling engineering, the technical problems exist in design optimization, high construction risk, slow drilling speed and quality control. In well drilling construction, long drilling period, complex circumstances, multiple faults, large investment and even being difficult to reach the target layer for some wells were experienced. Since 2005, based on Sinopec’s ultra-deep exploration and development in northeastern Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin, through strengthening lab simulation and theoretical analysis, 7 innovation achievements are produced as follows: ①detailed description technology of drilling geological environmental factors with multi information comprehensive inversion;②well structure optimization design based on risk evaluation of drilling engineering;③technology of gas drilling with oversized hole and fluid conversion;④efficient rock breaking tools and the supporting technology;⑤ultra-deep horizontal well trajectory control technology based on conventional guided drilling;⑥ultra-high temperature and ultra-high density drilling fluid technology; ⑦cementing technology of preventing gas channeling with high acid rubber latex for gas field. The field tests and industrial application are carried out on these achievements and the supporting ultra-deep well drilling technologies are formed, which makes China’s ultra-deep well drilling technology step into advanced world level.