月球钻探取心特种钻头研制与试验

Study on Particular Coring Bit for Lunar Soil Drilling

摘要:

对月壤形成过程和物质组成进行了介绍，并将实际月壤基本物理力学指标与CUG-1型模拟月壤和普通干砂进行对比，认为在月球钻探取样过程中可能遇到具有一定胶结强度的硬质团块。为保证钻探取样顺利进行，需要研制月球钻探用特种取心PDC钻头。基于PDC钻头的碎岩机理，对钻头的负前角、旁通角、出露高度、钻头保径和PDC切削齿的钎焊工艺分别进行了设计，并对钻杆和钻头装配体在钻进过程中的受力过程进行有限元分析。最后，采用所设计的特种取心PDC钻头进行岩石干钻试验，试验结果表明，该钻头能钻进可钻性级别小于或等于6级的岩石，能满足月球钻探需要。

Abstract:

Forming process and composition of lunar soil were introduced in this paper, and the actual lunar soil physical and mechanical indexes were compared with and simulated CUG-1 lunar soil and normal dry sand, it was suggested that hard clods with certain cementing strength might be encountered in lunar coring drilling. To ensure the successful lunar coring drilling, a special polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) coring bit should be developed. Based on the breaking rock mechanism of PDC bit, the negative rake angle, bypass angle, exposure height, gauge protection of PDC bit and brazing technologies of PDC cutters were designed respectively; and finite element analysis was made on the force of bit and drill stem assembly during drilling process. At last, the dry drilling test was made by special designed PDC bit, it indicated that the bit would be effective when rock drillability was less than or equal to Ⅵ, and it could stratify the requirements for lunar soil drilling.