乌克兰的几种新型解卡震击器

New Kinds of Jar Designed for Pipe Sticking in Ukraine

摘要:

国家经济的高速增长推动了对矿产能源的需求，使钻探工作量逐年增加。面对深孔复杂地层，钻探过程中卡钻事故时常发生。震击器是解决卡钻事故的有效措施，但油气钻井中常用的震击器在小口径的地质钻探中使用效果并不理想，因此设计适用于地质岩心钻探的新型震击器十分必要。介绍了乌克兰针对比较严重的卡钻事故而设计的带弹簧加压式阀门的液动震击器，在保证其工作可靠性的同时，利用其高频的冲击功可以大大提高解卡工作的效率；针对比较容易发生卡钻地区而设计的随钻式机械震击器，可以在卡钻发生后第一时间进行解卡工作，避免了卡钻事故的进一步恶化，有效的节省了处理卡钻事故的时间。这种解决地质钻探中卡钻事故的有效技术工具，引进、推广应用前景广泛。

Abstract:

The rapid growth of the economic promotes the demand for mineral and energy resources in China, which is the reason that the drilling projects increase every year. Pipe sticking occurs frequently in the complex formations. Jar is often used to solve the pipe sticking accident in oil and gas drilling; however, in the small-caliber geological drilling, the jar could not work as usual, new kinds of jar are necessary to be designed. This paper introduces a hydraulic jar with spring-loaded valve, which was designed for serious pipe sticking in Ukraine, and this structure could not only ensure the work reliability, but also improve the efficiency of solving the pipe sticking by its high-frequency impact power. The mechanical while-drilling jar designed for the areas where pipe sticking often happens can make sticking unfreezing in first time to avoid the further accident and effectively save the time of failure treatment.