适用于提钻取心工艺的立轴钻机自动化升级方案研究

Research on automatic upgrade scheme of vertical shaft drill suitable for trip-out coring technology

摘要:

针对提钻取心工艺下立轴钻机井场作业劳动强度大、安全风险高、缺乏工序协同的问题，本文提出了一套自动化升级方案与人机协同作业方法。该方案以电传动立轴钻机替代机械式立轴钻机，采用“主机升级与增量配套”的技术路线——通过电传动实现无级调速、参数实时监测与远程操控；在此基础上集成自起升钻塔、远程控制吊卡、二层台机械手、孔口一体化减污装置及拧管机，形成覆盖塔上与孔口的协同作业系统，并对钻塔结构进行了有限元仿真，验证了起升状态下塔体的安全可靠性。此外，还设计了起下钻的协同作业流程，明确了各步骤的时序衔接与触发条件，并建立了基于PLC总线的安全联锁逻辑。理论分析表明，该方案可将班组人员由3~4人减至2人，实现塔上无人作业；此外，在减少孔口污染面积的同时，将6 m长立根的提钻耗时由100 s缩短至约70 s，起下钻效率提高约42.9%。本文为适用于提钻取心工艺的立轴钻机自动化升级提供了一条可行的技术路径，对推动地质钻探行业的减员增效与绿色勘查具有积极意义。

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity， high safety risks and insufficient process coordination in field operations of vertical shaft drills using trip-out coring technology， this paper proposes an automatic upgrade scheme and human-machine collaborative operation method. Adopting the technical route of "main engine upgrading and incremental supporting matching"， the scheme replaces mechanical vertical shaft drills with electric-drive vertical shaft drills， realizing stepless speed regulation， real-time parameter monitoring and remote control through electric transmission. On this basis， a collaborative operation system covering derrick and wellhead is formed by integrating self-elevating drilling derrick， remote-control elevator， platform manipulator， integrated wellhead pollution reduction device and pipe spinner. Finite element simulation is conducted on the derrick structure to verify the structural safety and reliability under the lifting state. In addition， a collaborative tripping operation process is designed with clear time sequence connection and trigger conditions for each procedure， and a PLC bus-based safety interlock logic is established. Theoretical analysis shows that the scheme reduces the team staffing from 3~4 workers to 2 and realizes unmanned derrick operation. Meanwhile， it reduces the wellhead pollution area and shortens the tripping time of 6 m drill stands from 100 s to about 70 s， improving the tripping efficiency by approximately 42.9%. This study provides a feasible technical path for the automatic upgrading of vertical shaft drills adapted to trip-out coring technology， and has positive significance for promoting staff reduction， efficiency improvement and green exploration in the geological drilling industry.