基于多因素优化的花岗岩型铀矿绳索取心钻头寿命提升技术

Bit Life Enhancement Technology for Wireline Coring in Granite-Hosted Uranium Deposits Based on Multi-Factor Optimization

摘要:

针对花岗岩型铀矿区绳索取心钻进中金刚石钻头磨耗快、早期失效多、换钻频繁等问题，结合诸广南矿集区12个钻孔施工资料及岩样可钻性、压入硬度、压缩强度、耐磨度和化学成分测试结果，对钻头磨损形态、孔段岩性、钻进参数、冲洗液状态和现场操作记录进行综合分析。通过岩性分段选型、钻压—转速—泵量参数窗口控制、冲洗液冷却携粉能力优化、新钻头初磨、破碎带低扰动钻进等技术措施，形成适用于花岗岩地层的钻头寿命延长技术。应用结果显示，平均机械钻速由2.02 m/h提高至2.61 m/h，平均单只钻头进尺由91.2 m提高至109.2 m，非正常报废率由32.7%降至14.3%。

Abstract:

To address the problems of rapid diamond bit wear, frequent premature failure, and excessive bit replacements during wireline coring drilling in granite-hosted uranium deposits, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using construction data from 12 boreholes in the Zhuguangnan ore concentration area together with laboratory measurements of rock drillability, indentation hardness, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and chemical composition. The analysis covered bit wear morphology, lithology of intersected intervals, drilling parameters, flushing fluid conditions, and on-site operational records. A set of technical measures was developed, including lithology-adapted bit selection, controlled windows of weight-on-bit, rotary speed, and pump rate, enhanced cooling and chip-carrying capacity of the flushing fluid, initial run-in treatment for new bits, and low-disturbance drilling through fractured zones. Field application results show that the average rate of penetration increased from 2.02 m/h to 2.61 m/h, the average footage per bit rose from 91.2 m to 109.2 m, and the abnormal bit failure rate decreased from 32.7% to 14.3%.