基于PLC和Profinet总线的超万米绳索取心绞车电控系统方案设计

Scheme design of the electrical control system for ultra-deep （>10000 m） wireline coring winch based on PLC and Profinet fieldbus

摘要:

针对13000 m绳索取心绞车在特深井作业中面临的牵引失效、钢丝绳乱缆及断裂等风险，设计了一套基于西门子S7?1500 PLC与Profinet总线的电控系统。系统采用模块化设计，集成交流变频驱动、多源信息采集与能耗制动，具备本地控制、无线遥控和远程司钻房集控三种操控模式。关键控制策略上，双牵引电机采用“转速闭环同步+负载分配”的主从控制实现负载均衡；通过松弛补偿器压力传感器构建张力闭环PID控制，使储缆卷筒线速度自动跟随牵引速度，达成恒张力收放；排缆机构采用编码器计算与角度传感器测量互为冗余的方式，实现精确位置跟随与自动换向。硬件方面设计了集成PLC控制柜与变频柜的VFD房，并配置工业无线遥控与上位机组态界面。该系统可有效提升绞车控制的精准性、操作灵活性与作业安全性，为超万米绳索取心装备研发提供技术支撑。该控制系统方案可为超深孔绳索取心绞车的自动化水平提升与安全作业提供技术基础。

Abstract:

In response to the risks such as traction failure， wire rope disorder and breakage faced by the 13000 m wireline core drilling winch during ultra-deep well operations， an electrical control system based on the Siemens S7-1500 PLC and Profinet fieldbus was designed. The system adopts a modular design， integrating AC variable frequency drive， multi-source information acquisition， and dynamic braking， and it features three operation modes， namely， local control， wireless remote control， and centralized control in the remote driller''s cabin. For key control strategies， the dual traction motors implement load balancing through master-slave control with "speed closed-loop synchronization + load distribution". A tension closed-loop PID control is constructed using pressure sensors of the slack compensator， enabling the line speed of the cable storage drum to automatically follow the traction speed and achieve constant-tension cable winding and unwinding. The cable arrangement mechanism employs encoder calculation and angle sensor measurement as redundant methods to realize precise position tracking and automatic direction reversal. In terms of hardware， a VFD room integrating the PLC control cabinet and frequency conversion cabinet was designed， equipped with industrial wireless remote control and an upper computer configuration interface. This system can effectively improve the control accuracy， operational flexibility， and operational safety of the winch， providing technical support for the research and development of ultra-deep wireline core drilling equipment. The control system scheme can serve as a technical foundation for enhancing the automation level and ensuring safe operations of wireline core drilling winches for the ultra-deep hole.