新疆伊犁盆地深部铀矿地浸井钻完井关键技术研究与应用

Research and application of key drilling and completion technologies for in-situ leaching wells in deep uranium deposits of the Yili Basin， Xinjiang

摘要:

针对新疆洪海沟深部复杂地层铀矿地浸开采井面临的钻探效率低、成本高、成井质量要求高等难题，开展优快钻进技术研究。通过对水源钻机、工程钻机、石油钻机三类设备进行性能与钻进效率对比，明确不同装备适用性；优化钻头选型、环保低固相防塌钻井液、防斜技术、套管结构及切割开窗成井工艺。现场完成19口钻井，总进尺13731 m，施工指标满足设计要求。实践表明，履带式深井钻机更适配深部钻探需求；优化组合式井身结构兼顾稳固性与经济性；PDC钻头、环保低固相防塌钻井液、PVC套管及切割开窗工艺可提升钻进效率、保护矿层渗透性、延长井筒寿命。形成的优快钻进技术体系有效解决深部、复杂地层及地浸工艺特殊要求带来的施工难题，为洪海沟及同类砂岩型铀矿高效绿色勘探开发提供技术支撑。

Abstract:

Aiming at the difficulties faced by in-situ leaching mining of uranium deposits in deep and complex formations of Honghaigou， Xinjiang， such as low drilling efficiency， high cost and strict well completion requirements， this paper conducts a study on high-quality and rapid drilling technology. By comparing the performance and drilling efficiency of three types of equipment， namely water well rigs， engineering rigs and petroleum rigs， the applicability of different equipment is clarified. Meanwhile， drill bit selection， environment-friendly low-solid anti-sloughing drilling fluid， deviation control technology， casing structure and slotting completion technology are optimized. A total of 19 boreholes were constructed on site with a total footage of 13731 m， and all construction indicators met the design requirements. Results show that crawler-type deep well rigs are suitable for deep drilling； the optimized composite casing program achieves both stability and economy； PDC bits， environment-friendly drilling fluid， PVC casings and cutting and windowing completion technology can improve drilling efficiency， protect formation permeability and extend well service life. The established high-quality and rapid drilling technology system effectively solves construction challenges caused by deep burial， complex formations and special requirements of in-situ leaching， providing technical support for efficient and green exploration and development of Honghaigou and similar sandstone-type uranium deposits.